N22-3-GEOGR-BP1-ENG-TZ0-XX

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Keycap Digit One

Paper 1

Question 1 - MaximumMarks - 10

This question is based on analyzing the drought intensity in mainland USA as shown on a map dated 16 June 2020. You are required to describe the distribution of extreme drought areas, outline an economic impact of drought on agriculture, and explain ways to improve the sustainability of water use in local communities.

Question 1 - A

This part of the question asks you to describe the distribution of areas experiencing extreme drought as depicted on the map.

Question 1 - A - Answer

The areas of extreme drought are concentrated between the longitudes 100°W and 110°W. Significant regions of extreme drought are also found along the West Coast, particularly in states such as California, Oregon, and parts of Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. Additionally, these areas are generally located between the latitudes 30°N and 40°N. There is also a large area of extreme drought in the central USA.

Question 1 - A - Answer - EC

The candidate's response accurately identifies the key regions affected by extreme drought, including specific longitudes and latitudes. The mention of specific states provides a clear geographical context. This answer demonstrates a good understanding of the spatial distribution of drought conditions and would be awarded full marks for this part.

Question 1 - B

This part of the question asks you to outline one economic impact of drought on agriculture.

Question 1 - B - Answer

One economic impact of drought on agriculture is the reduced income for farmers. This occurs because the drought can destroy crops or significantly lower their yields, leading to a loss of livelihoods for those dependent on agriculture.

Question 1 - B - Answer - EC

The candidate correctly identifies a key economic impact of drought on agriculture, which is the reduced income for farmers. The explanation is clear and directly links the drought conditions to the economic consequences for agricultural productivity. This answer is concise and well-explained, meeting the criteria for full marks.

Question 1 - C

This part of the question asks you to explain two ways in which local communities could improve the sustainability of water use.

Question 1 - C - Answer

One way local communities could improve the sustainability of water use is by installing water-efficient equipment. For example, rainwater runoff tanks and low-pressure household appliances can help reduce the consumption of fresh water supplies. Another way is through government-imposed restrictions or quotas on water use, such as limiting water usage for golf courses. This can help ensure that water resources are used more efficiently and sustainably.

Question 1 - C - Answer - EC

The candidate provides two well-explained methods for improving the sustainability of water use in local communities. The installation of water-efficient equipment and government-imposed restrictions are both practical and effective strategies. The explanations are clear and demonstrate an understanding of how these methods can contribute to sustainable water use. This response is thorough and meets the criteria for full marks.

Question 2 - MaximumMarks - 20

This question addresses the increasing importance of integrated management of water resources within drainage basins and the relative importance of human and physical factors in increasing the risk of flooding in different places.

Question 2 - A

This question asks you to examine the reasons why the integrated management of water resources within drainage basins is becoming more important.

Question 2 - A - Answer

The effective management of water resources is becoming increasingly important due to several factors. These include increasing pressures and demands on water, population growth, economic development, climate change, and potential conflicts between different user groups. The drainage basin is a logical geographical unit for the management of water resources because it encompasses all the water flowing into a common outlet, making it easier to manage as a single entity. An integrated approach to water management ensures close cooperation between users and stakeholders, including planners, environmentalists, and water companies. This approach is essential for sustainable and effective management. However, integrated management may not work as well in larger basins, especially where international boundaries are involved, due to the complexity of coordinating policies and actions across different jurisdictions. Some of the key reasons for the increasing importance of integrated water management within drainage basins include: <ul><li>Increasing pressures and demands on water resources: Water scarcity, supply and demand imbalances, deterioration of water quality, and pollution are all factors that necessitate effective management.</li><li>Integration of policies, decisions, and costs across stakeholders: Different sectors such as agriculture, industry, urban development, navigation, fishery, and conservation all have varying water needs and impacts, requiring coordinated management.</li><li>Ensuring sustainable and long-term use of water resources: Effective management helps protect water resources for future generations, ensuring affordability and maintaining water quality.</li></ul> In conclusion, the integrated management of water resources within drainage basins is becoming more important due to the increasing pressures on water resources, the need for coordinated policies across different sectors, and the goal of achieving sustainable and long-term use of water resources.

Question 2 - A - Answer - EC

The candidate's response effectively outlines the reasons for the increasing importance of integrated water management within drainage basins. The explanation is well-structured and covers key factors such as increasing pressures on water resources, the need for coordinated policies, and the goal of sustainable management. The response demonstrates a good understanding of the topic and provides a clear and logical argument. The candidate has also highlighted the potential challenges of integrated management in larger basins, particularly those crossing international boundaries. Overall, this response shows a high level of geographical knowledge and understanding, and would be awarded full marks.

Question 2 - B

This question asks you to evaluate the extent to which human factors are more important than physical factors in increasing the risk of flooding in different places.

Question 2 - B - Answer

Flooding risk is influenced by both human and physical factors, and their relative importance can vary depending on the specific context. Human factors include changes in land use, urbanization, deforestation, and channel modification, while physical factors include climate change, rainfall patterns, and the physical characteristics of the landscape. Human factors can significantly increase the risk of flooding. For example, urbanization leads to the creation of impermeable surfaces, which reduce the infiltration of water into the ground and increase surface runoff. Deforestation can also increase runoff and reduce the ability of the land to absorb water. Additionally, changes in agricultural practices, such as terracing, can alter the natural flow of water and increase flood risk. Physical factors also play a crucial role in flood risk. Climate change, for instance, can lead to more frequent and intense rainfall events, increasing the likelihood of flooding. The physical characteristics of the landscape, such as geology and slope, can also make certain areas more prone to flooding. For example, areas with steep slopes and impermeable rock are more likely to experience rapid runoff and flooding. In many cases, the interaction between human and physical factors can exacerbate flood risk. For example, urbanization in areas with high rainfall can lead to severe flooding due to the combined effects of increased runoff and intense rainfall. Similarly, deforestation in areas with steep slopes can lead to landslides and flooding. In conclusion, while both human and physical factors are important in increasing the risk of flooding, their relative importance can vary depending on the specific context. In some cases, human factors may be more significant, while in others, physical factors may play a larger role. It is essential to consider both types of factors when assessing flood risk and implementing mitigation measures.

Question 2 - B - Answer - EC

The candidate's response provides a comprehensive evaluation of the relative importance of human and physical factors in increasing flood risk. The explanation is well-structured and covers key human factors such as urbanization, deforestation, and changes in agricultural practices, as well as physical factors such as climate change and landscape characteristics. The response demonstrates a good understanding of the topic and provides a clear and logical argument. The candidate has also highlighted the interaction between human and physical factors, which is a critical aspect of flood risk assessment. Overall, this response shows a high level of geographical knowledge and understanding, and would be awarded full marks.

Question 3 - MaximumMarks - 10

This question refers to the graph on page 3 of the accompanying resource booklet, which shows changes in ocean temperature associated with El Niño and La Niña from 1950 to 2018.

Question 3 - A

This part of the question focuses on interpreting the graph to identify specific years and estimate temperature changes.

Question 3 - A - i

You are asked to identify the year in which the ocean temperatures were 2.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C} above the average.

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Standard Level

Geography SL

Mathematics AA SL

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Higher Level

Business Management HL

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Business Management SL

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Core

Theory of Knowledge

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Ab Initio

Spanish Ab Initio

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Biology SL

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Physics HL

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Chemistry HL

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Chemistry SL

Economics HL

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Economics SL

History HL

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History SL

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Geography HL

Mathematics AI HL

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Mathematics AI SL

Biology HL

Psychology SL

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Psychology HL

Design Technology SL

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Design Technology HL

Physics SL

Mathematics AA HL

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Environmental Systems & Societies SL

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Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL

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Sports, Exercise & Health Science SL

English B SL

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English B HL

English A Language & Literature HL

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English Literature SL

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English A Language & Literature SL

English Literature HL

Spanish B SL

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IB Digital Society SL

IB Digital Society HL

IB Visual Arts SL

IB Visual Arts HL

IB Spanish B HL

IB Theatre SL

Computer Science Sl

Serbian A: Literature SL

Serbian A: Literature HL

IB Social & Cultural Anthropology HL

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Question 4 - MaximumMarks - 10

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Question 6 - MaximumMarks - 20

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Question 7 - MaximumMarks - 10

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Question 8 - MaximumMarks - 10

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Question 9 - MaximumMarks - 10

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GEOGRAPHY SL, Paper 1, November, 2022, TZ0, Solved Past Paper