Hey future biologist! Let's dive into the world of neurons, electric charges, and how our nerve cells communicate. Don't worry, we'll break it down for you. 🧠

• 🚪 What is it? These are like doors that allow specific ions to move across a cell membrane.
• 🔁 How do they work? They open and close, allowing ions to flow in or out (like opening or closing a door).

Real-world example: Imagine a security gate at a concert. It opens and closes to let specific fans in (like ions) but stays shut if there's a fan who's too rowdy (the wrong ion).

• Ions move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
• It's like when you spray perfume in a room; it starts strong near the bottle but spreads out over time.

• 🌩 Voltage: Imbalance of charges across the membrane.
• ⚡ Negative voltage: More positive charges outside the neuron than inside.
• Sodium (Na+) channels open when voltage rises above -50mV, letting Na+ ions in.
• Potassium (K+) channels open at +40mV, allowing K+ ions to flow out.

Real-world example: Think of the voltage as a security system. When it detects a change (like a door opening or closing), it triggers an alarm or action (like sodium or potassium channels opening).