Biology HL
Biology HL
4
Chapters
553
Notes
Theme A - Unity & diversity
Theme A - Unity & diversity
Theme B - Form & Function
Theme B - Form & Function
Theme C - Interaction &  Interdependence
Theme C - Interaction & Interdependence
Theme D - Continuity & Change
Theme D - Continuity & Change
IB Resources
Theme B - Form & Function
Biology HL
Biology HL

Theme B - Form & Function

Unlocking Skeletons Anchors & Levers of Movement

Word Count Emoji
391 words
Reading Time Emoji
2 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

The skeleton - what’s the hype? 🍖

  • Purpose: Skeletons are like the framework of a house! They support and protect our body.
  • Types
    • Exoskeleton: Think of it as nature's armor. It's on the outside.
      • Examples: Spiders, crustaceans, and insects. It’s like their suit of armor made of chitin.
    • Endoskeleton: These are our hidden heroes, lying inside our body.
      • Examples: Humans, dogs, birds. We're talking bones!

Anchoring the muscles - the skeleton's day job 💪

  • Job Role: Skeletons provide a solid anchor for muscles, making our dance moves (or any move!) possible.
  • Muscle Attachments: Muscles typically attach at two points:
    • Insertion: Where the magic happens. This part moves when the muscle contracts.
    • Origin: The rock, doesn’t budge an inch! Stays fixed during muscle contraction.
    • Real World Example
      • Masseter Muscle: Helps you bite into that juicy burger.
        • Insertion: On the jawbone (makes your mouth open and close).
        • Origin: On the cheekbone (part of the skull and doesn't move).

Bones as levers - not just for eating 🍗

  • Lever Basics
    • Fulcrum: The pivot point. Think of it as the see-saw's middle point.
    • Effort: The force you apply. Like when you push down on one end of the see-saw.
    • Resultant Force: This force comes into play on the other side of the fulcrum.
  • Lever & Force Dynamics
    • Apply effort farther from fulcrum: Increases force, but reduces distance. (Like using a crowbar!)
    • Apply effort closer to fulcrum: Decreases force, but covers more ground. (Think of a long rowing paddle!)
  • Bones and Joints: For our bones, the joint is the fulcrum. And the effort? Muscles give it a push or pull via tendons.

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IB Resources
Theme B - Form & Function
Biology HL
Biology HL

Theme B - Form & Function

Unlocking Skeletons Anchors & Levers of Movement

Word Count Emoji
391 words
Reading Time Emoji
2 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

The skeleton - what’s the hype? 🍖

  • Purpose: Skeletons are like the framework of a house! They support and protect our body.
  • Types
    • Exoskeleton: Think of it as nature's armor. It's on the outside.
      • Examples: Spiders, crustaceans, and insects. It’s like their suit of armor made of chitin.
    • Endoskeleton: These are our hidden heroes, lying inside our body.
      • Examples: Humans, dogs, birds. We're talking bones!

Anchoring the muscles - the skeleton's day job 💪

  • Job Role: Skeletons provide a solid anchor for muscles, making our dance moves (or any move!) possible.
  • Muscle Attachments: Muscles typically attach at two points:
    • Insertion: Where the magic happens. This part moves when the muscle contracts.
    • Origin: The rock, doesn’t budge an inch! Stays fixed during muscle contraction.
    • Real World Example
      • Masseter Muscle: Helps you bite into that juicy burger.
        • Insertion: On the jawbone (makes your mouth open and close).
        • Origin: On the cheekbone (part of the skull and doesn't move).

Bones as levers - not just for eating 🍗

  • Lever Basics
    • Fulcrum: The pivot point. Think of it as the see-saw's middle point.
    • Effort: The force you apply. Like when you push down on one end of the see-saw.
    • Resultant Force: This force comes into play on the other side of the fulcrum.
  • Lever & Force Dynamics
    • Apply effort farther from fulcrum: Increases force, but reduces distance. (Like using a crowbar!)
    • Apply effort closer to fulcrum: Decreases force, but covers more ground. (Think of a long rowing paddle!)
  • Bones and Joints: For our bones, the joint is the fulcrum. And the effort? Muscles give it a push or pull via tendons.

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Biology HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟