Hey there, future biologist! 🌟 Ready to unravel the secrets of how genes bounce around in a population? Let's dive into the awesome world of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and use it to solve some real-world mysteries! 🕵️‍♀️

Imagine you're in a big ol' candy store with only two types of candies - red and blue. If you know how many red candies are in the store today, could you guess how many will be there tomorrow? The Hardy-Weinberg equation is kinda like that, but for genes!

👉 Equation: p²+²pq + q² = 1

• p: Frequency of dominant allele (Let's call this one "The Cool Kid")
• q: Frequency of recessive allele (Let's call this one "The Underdog")
• p²: Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype (Two Cool Kids)
• ²pq: Frequency of heterozygous genotype (One Cool Kid hangs out with one Underdog)
• q²: Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (Two Underdogs)

Remember, p + q = 1 because there are only two alleles in this case, and they make up 100% of the gene pool.

Albinism is like nature's bleach; it takes away pigmentation in skin and hair. It's caused by a recessive allele.

• Frequency of albinism: 1/20000
• q² = 1/20000
• q = \(\sqrt{\frac {1}{20000}}\)​ = 0.007

To find p (the non-albino allele)

• p + 0.007 = 1
• p = 0.993

To find other genotypes

• Homozygous dominant: p² = 0.993² = 0.986
• Heterozygous: ²pq = 2(0.993)(0.007) = 0.0139

👉 Real-World Example: Imagine a small town with 20,000 people. Based on these calculations, you'd expect just one person to have albinism! Think about it like finding a golden ticket in a huge pile of Willy Wonka chocolate bars. 🍫