Biology SL
Biology SL
4
Chapters
553
Notes
Theme A - Unity & Diversity
Theme A - Unity & Diversity
Theme B - Form & Function
Theme B - Form & Function
Theme C - Interaction &  Interdependence
Theme C - Interaction & Interdependence
Theme D - Continuity & Change
Theme D - Continuity & Change
IB Resources
Theme D - Continuity & Change
Biology SL
Biology SL

Theme D - Continuity & Change

Discover Non-Coding DNA Sequences More Than Just Protein Codes

Word Count Emoji
444 words
Reading Time Emoji
3 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

What the heck is non-coding DNA? 🧬

  • Not all of DNA's secret messages make proteins!
  • While some parts of DNA shout out recipes for making polypeptides (protein's baby brothers), others whisper important secrets for other tasks!

Here are FIVE awesome roles of non-coding DNA sequences 🎉

  • 💌 tRNA Makers – These sequences write love letters to amino acids so they can be added to a growing protein.
  • 💃 rRNA Rockstars – Ribosomes are the party places where proteins get built. rRNA is the DJ, setting the music and rhythm!
  • 🚦 Gene's Traffic Lights (Regulation) – DNA has:
    • Promoters: "Roll camera! 🎥" – Places where the RNA polymerase camera starts filming.
    • Enhancers: Like an energy drink for a gene – "Go, go, go!" 🚀
    • Silencers: "Shush! 🤫" – They tell genes to be quiet.
  • 🛡️ Telomeres: The protective caps of our DNA – Imagine them as the plastic tips of our shoelaces, keeping everything from unraveling!
  • ✂️ Introns: The sequences we don't need in our final protein-making message. Like editing out the "umm" and "uhh" in a video.

Searching for Open Reading Frames (ORF) 🔍

  • Finding a gene is like searching for a needle in a haystack! ORF is our metal detector.
  • An ORF is like reading a book 📖 without any full stops (periods). It's a series of bases that could potentially spell out a protein.
  • The three words the DNA uses to say "STOP! 🛑" are: UGA, UAA, UAG. These are stop codons.

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IB Resources
Theme D - Continuity & Change
Biology SL
Biology SL

Theme D - Continuity & Change

Discover Non-Coding DNA Sequences More Than Just Protein Codes

Word Count Emoji
444 words
Reading Time Emoji
3 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

What the heck is non-coding DNA? 🧬

  • Not all of DNA's secret messages make proteins!
  • While some parts of DNA shout out recipes for making polypeptides (protein's baby brothers), others whisper important secrets for other tasks!

Here are FIVE awesome roles of non-coding DNA sequences 🎉

  • 💌 tRNA Makers – These sequences write love letters to amino acids so they can be added to a growing protein.
  • 💃 rRNA Rockstars – Ribosomes are the party places where proteins get built. rRNA is the DJ, setting the music and rhythm!
  • 🚦 Gene's Traffic Lights (Regulation) – DNA has:
    • Promoters: "Roll camera! 🎥" – Places where the RNA polymerase camera starts filming.
    • Enhancers: Like an energy drink for a gene – "Go, go, go!" 🚀
    • Silencers: "Shush! 🤫" – They tell genes to be quiet.
  • 🛡️ Telomeres: The protective caps of our DNA – Imagine them as the plastic tips of our shoelaces, keeping everything from unraveling!
  • ✂️ Introns: The sequences we don't need in our final protein-making message. Like editing out the "umm" and "uhh" in a video.

Searching for Open Reading Frames (ORF) 🔍

  • Finding a gene is like searching for a needle in a haystack! ORF is our metal detector.
  • An ORF is like reading a book 📖 without any full stops (periods). It's a series of bases that could potentially spell out a protein.
  • The three words the DNA uses to say "STOP! 🛑" are: UGA, UAA, UAG. These are stop codons.

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Biology SL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟