Biology SL

Chapters

553

Notes

Theme A - Unity & Diversity

Theme B - Form & Function

Theme C - Interaction & Interdependence

Theme D - Continuity & Change

Biology SL

Theme D - Continuity & Change

Discover Non-Coding DNA Sequences More Than Just Protein Codes

444 words

3 mins read

Last edited on 14th Jun 2024

Not all of DNA's secret messages make proteins!
While some parts of DNA shout out recipes for making polypeptides (protein's baby brothers), others whisper important secrets for other tasks!

💌 tRNA Makers – These sequences write love letters to amino acids so they can be added to a growing protein.
💃 rRNA Rockstars – Ribosomes are the party places where proteins get built. rRNA is the DJ, setting the music and rhythm!
🚦 Gene's Traffic Lights (Regulation) – DNA has:
- Promoters: "Roll camera! 🎥" – Places where the RNA polymerase camera starts filming.
- Enhancers: Like an energy drink for a gene – "Go, go, go!" 🚀
- Silencers: "Shush! 🤫" – They tell genes to be quiet.
🛡️ Telomeres: The protective caps of our DNA – Imagine them as the plastic tips of our shoelaces, keeping everything from unraveling!
✂️ Introns: The sequences we don't need in our final protein-making message. Like editing out the "umm" and "uhh" in a video.

Finding a gene is like searching for a needle in a haystack! ORF is our metal detector.
An ORF is like reading a book 📖 without any full stops (periods). It's a series of bases that could potentially spell out a protein.
The three words the DNA uses to say "STOP! 🛑" are: UGA, UAA, UAG. These are stop codons.

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Biology SL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟

Biology SL

444 words

3 mins read

Last edited on 14th Jun 2024

Not all of DNA's secret messages make proteins!
While some parts of DNA shout out recipes for making polypeptides (protein's baby brothers), others whisper important secrets for other tasks!

💌 tRNA Makers – These sequences write love letters to amino acids so they can be added to a growing protein.
💃 rRNA Rockstars – Ribosomes are the party places where proteins get built. rRNA is the DJ, setting the music and rhythm!
🚦 Gene's Traffic Lights (Regulation) – DNA has:
- Promoters: "Roll camera! 🎥" – Places where the RNA polymerase camera starts filming.
- Enhancers: Like an energy drink for a gene – "Go, go, go!" 🚀
- Silencers: "Shush! 🤫" – They tell genes to be quiet.
🛡️ Telomeres: The protective caps of our DNA – Imagine them as the plastic tips of our shoelaces, keeping everything from unraveling!
✂️ Introns: The sequences we don't need in our final protein-making message. Like editing out the "umm" and "uhh" in a video.

Finding a gene is like searching for a needle in a haystack! ORF is our metal detector.
An ORF is like reading a book 📖 without any full stops (periods). It's a series of bases that could potentially spell out a protein.
The three words the DNA uses to say "STOP! 🛑" are: UGA, UAA, UAG. These are stop codons.

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Biology SL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟