• Primary succession is the process where life begins in places without any or very few living organisms.
• Imagine you're on a road trip, and suddenly you're in the middle of a barren desert or a vast stretch of bare rock. That's where primary succession happens!

• Lands with no soil, like bare rock or deposits of clay, silt, sand, or large rock fragments (Picture a desert or a rocky mountain terrain. Figure 24).

• First on scene: Bacteria, lichens, and mosses. These little champs can live on bare rocks! Think of them as nature's base layer.
• As they make a home, they create tiny bits of soil, setting the stage for other plants.

• Small amounts of soil lead to herbs with roots making an entrance.
• As the soil gets deeper, bigger plants like tall herbs, shrubs, and even trees begin to take over. Like when you progress from playing in a sandbox as a kid to a full-fledged playground as you grow!

• Animals start appearing based on the plants available.
• Just like we have different guests at a kid's birthday party and a grown-up's party, the type of plants dictates the animal guests!

Photosynthesis Party! Larger plants move in, which means more photosynthesis per area. More green means more oxygen, just like more party lights mean more fun!

Weaving the Web! The food web gets intricate with more players in the game.

Recycle, Reuse, Repeat! Dead plants and animals break down, increasing the nutrient cycling. Like upgrading from a bicycle to a motorbike, things speed up and get more efficient.