• 🌳 Montane species: Species that live on mountains.

• ❄️ As the climate gets warmer, these species move upslope to keep in their preferred climate.

• 🗻 But what happens when they reach the top? They can't go any higher! Some might face extinction.

• 🏔️ Temperate vs. Tropical regions: Montane species in tropical regions are more sensitive to temperature changes. Why? Because the temperature range is less varied in tropical regions than temperate ones.

  Real-world example: Imagine wearing a winter jacket in the summer because you're used to cold weather. That’s how tropical montane species feel when there's a slight temperature increase!

• In the 1960s, scientists studied birds' upper altitude limits in Papua New Guinea. Almost half a century later, they revisited to see if climate change made the birds move higher up.
• Some questions from the study

  • Define: a. Montane: Species living on mountains. b. Upslope migration - Movement of species to higher altitudes due to changing climate conditions.

  • Findings: a. Birds that were at 600m in 1969, where are they now? b. Is there a link between where the birds were in 1969 and where they moved later? c. Why didn't the birds at 425m in 1969 move much?

    Real-world example: It's like when it's too hot at the beach and you move under the umbrella. Birds are doing the same but moving up mountains.

Competitive Exclusion Principle: When two species fight for the same resources, one wins and the other has to find a new niche or face extinction.

Real-world example: Think of it as two kids wanting the same toy. One might eventually decide to play with another toy to avoid conflict.