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 Globe with Meridians

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

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Atom Symbol

Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure

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Fire

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

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Rocket

Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?

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Test Tube

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

<ul>
	<li>Metallic character refers to the tendency of an element to behave like a metal.</li>
	<li>It is not a quantitative property - we don&rsquo;t assign a value to it.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.</li>
	<li>Elements with low ionization energies are more likely to be metallic.</li>
	<li>Elements with high metallic character have delocalized electrons in their structure, making it easier for them to lose electrons.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Group 1 elements are known as alkali metals.</li>
	<li>Alkali metals have decreasing ionization energy and increasing metallic character as you go down the group (e.g., Li &lt; Na &lt; K &lt; Rb &lt; Cs).</li>
	<li>They also become more reactive going down the group because they are more likely to donate their single valence electron in chemical reactions.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Group 17 elements are known as halogens.</li>
	<li>Halogens are described in terms of their non-metallic character, which is the opposite of metallic character.</li>
	<li>Non-metallic character and electronegativity (the tendency of an atom to attract electrons) of halogens decrease going down the group.</li>
	<li>Halogens higher up the group are more reactive because they have a greater tendency to accept an electron and fill their valence sublevel.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Alkali metals react with water to form Br&oslash;nsted-Lowry bases.</li>
	<li>A Br&oslash;nsted-Lowry acid donates protons (H+), while a Br&oslash;nsted-Lowry base accepts protons.</li>
	<li>The general equation for the reaction of a group 1 metal (M) with water is: M(s) + H2O(l) &rarr; \(\frac{1}{2}\) H2(g) + MOH(aq).</li>
	<li>For example, lithium reacts with water as follows: Li(s) + H2O(l) &rarr; \(\frac{1}{2}\) H2(g) + LiOH(aq).</li>
	<li>As the ionization energy decreases and the metallic character of alkali metals increases going down the group, the reactivity of these metals with water increases. Reactions occur faster and more vigorously.</li>
</ul>

Real-world examples

<ul>
	<li>Sodium (Na), an alkali metal, reacts with water quite violently, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In contrast, cesium (Cs), another alkali metal, reacts even more explosively with water.</li>
	<li>Chlorine (Cl), a halogen, reacts with sodium to form table salt (NaCl). Fluorine (F), another halogen, reacts even more readily with sodium to form sodium fluoride (NaF).</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Metallic character is closely linked to ionization energy and determines the reactivity of elements.</li>
	<li>Alkali metals have increasing metallic character and reactivity as you go down the group.</li>
	<li>Halogens have decreasing non-metallic character and electronegativity as you go down the group, affecting their reactivity.</li>
</ul>

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

Metallic Character & Periodicity: Deep Dive Into Reactivity Trends

Table of content

What is metallic character?

Alkali metals & metallic character

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

Metallic Character & Periodicity: Deep Dive Into Reactivity Trends

Table of content

What is metallic character?

Alkali metals & metallic character

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

Metallic Character & Periodicity: Deep Dive Into Reactivity Trends

Table of content

What is metallic character?

How is metallic character related to ionization energy?

Alkali metals & metallic character

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

Metallic Character & Periodicity: Deep Dive Into Reactivity Trends

Table of content

What is metallic character?

How is metallic character related to ionization energy?

Alkali metals & metallic character

Unlock the Full Content!