• Definition: Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).
• Why are they special?: The C=C bond is an electron-rich area, making alkenes more reactive than their single bonded pals, alkanes.

🚀 Real-World Analogy: Think of alkenes like a popular party place with lots of activity (electrons)! Everyone (electrophiles) wants to join the party.

• 🎈 Electrophilic Addition of Halogens
  • Party Crashers: Diatomic halogens (X₂).
  • Result: Halogens attach to the C=C bond, forming disubstituted halogenoalkanes (CnH₂nX₂).
  • Example: Ethene (C₂H₄) + Bromine water (Br₂) = 1,2-dibromoethane (C₂H₄Br₂).
  • Fun Fact!: This reaction helps test for unsaturated compounds. If bromine water loses its color, there are alkenes or alkynes dancing in your mix!
• 🎈 Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halides
  • Party Crashers: Hydrogen halides (HX).
  • Result: Hydrogen halide adds to C=C, forming a monosubstituted halogenoalkane (CnH₂n+1X).
  • Example: but-2-ene (C₄H₈) + hydrogen bromide (HBr) = 2-bromobutane (C₄H₉Br).
• 🎈 Electrophilic Addition of Water
  • Party Crashers: Water (H₂O) in an acidic mix.
  • Result: Water adds to C=C, giving us an alcohol (CnH₂n+1OH).
  • Example: hex-3-ene (C₆H₁₂) + water = hexan-3-ol (C₆H₁₃OH).

🤔 Interesting Thought: Ever wonder how chemists dream up ways to make new compounds? They use imagination, intuition, and reasoning! Just like using a recipe to bake a cake, they mix and match ingredients to create new treats.