Interpretive problems: Ambiguities or questions about how texts function. In essence, these are the challenges we face when interpreting a text's meaning or purpose.

Example: In George Orwell's "Animal Farm", the line "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others." The interpretive problem lies in understanding the paradoxical statement. What does it mean to be "more equal"?

Worldly problems: Real-life issues such as discrimination, poverty, conflict, which are often reflected in texts.

Example: Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird" deals with the problem of racial discrimination. Through the unjust trial of Tom Robinson, we get a glimpse into the deep-seated racism of 1930s American society.

Intertextuality: The relationship between texts. How they connect, respond to, or influence each other.

Example: Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" is often referenced in other works, like in the song "Love Story" by Taylor Swift. Here, the tragic love story is used as a symbol of profound and forbidden love.

Think of a text as a treasure hunt! There are clues (words, phrases, symbols) scattered around. Your job? Uncover the hidden meanings, solve puzzles (interpretive problems), and find the treasure (deeper understanding)!