Real-World Example: The Aswan High Dam on the River Nile, Egypt. This dam not only prevents lower Nile from flooding but also provides multiple benefits. However, it's not without downsides, like increased water loss due to evaporation, downstream channel erosion, decline in sediments reaching the Nile Delta, and the spread of diseases like schistosomiasis and malaria.

Reservoirs are used to store excess rainwater in the upper drainage basin. However, they may not be efficient in large drainage networks.

Afforestation helps to reduce the amount of runoff, hence lessening flood peak in a drainage basin. More trees mean more water interception and reduced overland flow, therefore reducing flood risk.

Real-World Example: In parts of the Severn catchment (UK), afforestation initially led to increased sediment loads due to factors like increased overland run-off and sparse ground vegetation. However, the situation improved as the trees matured and started intercepting more rainfall.

Other measures like reseeding of sparsely vegetated areas, slope treatments like contour ploughing, protection of vegetation, sediment clearance, construction of small water and sediment holding areas, and preservation of natural water storage zones like lakes also contribute to reducing flood peaks.