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Magnifying Glass Tilted Left

Option B - Oceans & Coastal Margins

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Deciduous Tree

Option A - Freshwater – Drainage basins

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ringed-planet

Option C - Extreme Environments

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Rocket

Option D - Geophysical Hazards

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Performing Arts

Option E - Leisure, Tourism & Sport

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Flexed Biceps

Option F - The Geography Of Food & Health

Option G - Urban Environments

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Office Building

Unit 1 - Changing Population

UNIT 2 - Global Climate - Vulnerability & Resilience

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Globe Showing Europe Africa

Unit 3 - Global Resource Consumption & Security

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Mobile Phone

Unit 4 - Power, Places & Networks

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Factory

Unit 5 - Human Development & Diversity

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Globe With Meridians

Unit 6 - Global Risks & Resilience

Concept

<ul>
	<li>Roughly 25% of the ocean floor is covered with manganese nodules.</li>
	<li>These nodules contain manganese, cobalt, copper, and nickel.</li>
	<li>Extracting these nodules is technically difficult and environmentally harmful as it stirs up sediment, killing marine life.</li>
</ul>

Real-world Example

<ul>
	<li>Countries like China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, and South Korea have been granted licenses to explore deep-sea mining by the International Seabed Authority.</li>
	<li>Canadian company Nautilus Minerals aims to be the first to mine deep-water, targeting copper and gold deposits in the Bismarck Sea north of Papua New Guinea.</li>
</ul>

Concept

<ul>
	<li>Hydrates are compounds of methane molecules trapped in a water cage, found in permafrost and deep ocean shelves.</li>
	<li>They potentially hold more energy than all known fossil fuel deposits.</li>
	<li>The extraction process is challenging and risky due to the presence of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.</li>
</ul>

Real-world Example

<ul>
	<li>Japan and India, with limited oil and gas resources, are highly interested in this potential energy source.</li>
</ul>

Concept

<ul>
	<li>Oil exploration leads to oil spills, contaminating coasts and harming marine life.</li>
	<li>Drilling sites show evidence of toxic effects on deep-sea communities.</li>
	<li>Acoustic prospecting for oil may disrupt marine mammals.</li>
</ul>

Real-world Example

<ul>
	<li>In the North Sea, where oil production is intensive, there&#39;s significant harm to the benthic (deep-sea) community near hundreds of oil platforms.</li>
	<li>In the North Atlantic, oil exploration threatens endangered deep-sea corals.</li>
</ul>

Concept

<ul>
	<li>Shipping is a major source of pollution, emitting CO2 and particulate matter which contributes to lung diseases and cancer.</li>
	<li>Ships also spread invasive species via their ballast water.</li>
	<li>They used to paint ships&#39; hulls with tributyltin, a highly toxic chemical to deter algae and barnacles, but it&#39;s likely to be banned soon.</li>
</ul>

Real-world Example

<ul>
	<li>Shipping pollution particularly affects people living near coastlines in Europe and East and South Asia.</li>
	<li>Since 2010, oil spills have reduced due to the ban on all single-hulled ships.</li>
</ul>

These notes offer a snapshot of the complex relationship between human activity and the natural world. The extraction and use of abiotic resources have both economic benefits and environmental impacts, making sustainable management essential. Remember, no treasure is worth a damaged home. Let&#39;s take care of our big blue planet! 🌍💙

Unlock The Hidden Potential Of Wetlands Nature's Solution To Climate Change

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Higher Level

Geography HL

Option B - Oceans & Coastal Margins

Unlock The Hidden Potential Of Wetlands Nature's Solution To Climate Change

Table of content

Minerals from the seabed

Hydrates - a potential energy source

Unlock the Full Content!

Option B - Oceans & Coastal Margins

Unlock The Hidden Potential Of Wetlands Nature's Solution To Climate Change

Table of content

Minerals from the seabed

Hydrates - a potential energy source

Unlock the Full Content!