Geography HL
Geography HL
13
Chapters
193
Notes
Option A - Freshwater – Drainage basins
Option A - Freshwater – Drainage basins
Option B - Oceans & Coastal Margins
Option B - Oceans & Coastal Margins
Option C - Extreme Environments
Option C - Extreme Environments
Option D - Geophysical Hazards
Option D - Geophysical Hazards
Option E - Leisure, Tourism & Sport
Option E - Leisure, Tourism & Sport
Option F - The Geography Of Food & Health
Option F - The Geography Of Food & Health
Option G - Urban Environments
Option G - Urban Environments
Unit 1 - Changing Population
Unit 1 - Changing Population
UNIT 2 - Global Climate - Vulnerability & Resilience
UNIT 2 - Global Climate - Vulnerability & Resilience
Unit 3 - Global Resource Consumption & Security
Unit 3 - Global Resource Consumption & Security
Unit 4 - Power, Places & Networks
Unit 4 - Power, Places & Networks
Unit 5 - Human Development & Diversity
Unit 5 - Human Development & Diversity
Unit 6 - Global Risks & Resilience
Unit 6 - Global Risks & Resilience
IB Resources
Option D - Geophysical Hazards
Geography HL
Geography HL

Option D - Geophysical Hazards

Unlock The Secrets To Geophysical Events: Why Some Are Deadlier Than Others

Word Count Emoji
685 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Hey there, geobuff! Let's dive into the exciting world of geophysical events and understand their impacts. Strap in, it's going to be a thrilling ride!

Key concepts

  • Magnitude & Frequency of Events: Remember, the greater the magnitude of an event (like an earthquake), the more damage it can cause. For instance, a 6.0 earthquake is 100 times stronger than a 4.0 one. Ever heard of Krakatoa and Tambora? These were Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 6 or 7 events - way bigger than a VEI 0 event like Kilauea.

  • Population Density: High population areas (think Tokyo, Japan) face more damage from these events than less crowded rural zones. The 1985 Mexico City earthquake caused many casualties in the city, even though the epicentre was over 200 km away!

  • Type of Buildings: Richer countries tend to have stronger, quake-resistant buildings. Compare the 2010 earthquakes in Port-au-Prince and New Zealand - the former faced more destruction, even though both had similar magnitudes.

  • Time of Day: More people around during rush hours or business days means potentially more casualties during an earthquake. But time doesn't really affect volcanic eruptions, which usually don't come unannounced.

  • Distance from the Event: A volcano's impact lessens with distance. But an earthquake? The further from the epicentre, the greater the effect due to unpreparedness and lower building standards.

  • Type of Rocks and Sediments: Ever heard of "liquefaction"? It's when loose materials act like liquid when shaken. Buildings on solid rock fare better than those on unconsolidated sediments.

  • Secondary Hazards: Sometimes, aftermath hazards like tsunamis, fires, contaminated water, etc. can be deadlier than the primary event. Post-eruption lahars (mudflows) at Pinatubo and Nevado del Ruiz claimed more lives than the eruptions themselves.

  • Economic Development: More developed countries often handle disasters better - they've got better prep, tech, health services, and emergency responses. Remember how Christchurch, New Zealand managed their earthquakes more effectively than Port-au-Prince, Haiti?

Interpreting data

Here's some cool links for you

  • Natural Disaster Profiles
  • Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters

Check out those natural disaster profiles for 13 countries and the multi-hazard disaster maps!

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Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Geography HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟

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IB Resources
Option D - Geophysical Hazards
Geography HL
Geography HL

Option D - Geophysical Hazards

Unlock The Secrets To Geophysical Events: Why Some Are Deadlier Than Others

Word Count Emoji
685 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Hey there, geobuff! Let's dive into the exciting world of geophysical events and understand their impacts. Strap in, it's going to be a thrilling ride!

Key concepts

  • Magnitude & Frequency of Events: Remember, the greater the magnitude of an event (like an earthquake), the more damage it can cause. For instance, a 6.0 earthquake is 100 times stronger than a 4.0 one. Ever heard of Krakatoa and Tambora? These were Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 6 or 7 events - way bigger than a VEI 0 event like Kilauea.

  • Population Density: High population areas (think Tokyo, Japan) face more damage from these events than less crowded rural zones. The 1985 Mexico City earthquake caused many casualties in the city, even though the epicentre was over 200 km away!

  • Type of Buildings: Richer countries tend to have stronger, quake-resistant buildings. Compare the 2010 earthquakes in Port-au-Prince and New Zealand - the former faced more destruction, even though both had similar magnitudes.

  • Time of Day: More people around during rush hours or business days means potentially more casualties during an earthquake. But time doesn't really affect volcanic eruptions, which usually don't come unannounced.

  • Distance from the Event: A volcano's impact lessens with distance. But an earthquake? The further from the epicentre, the greater the effect due to unpreparedness and lower building standards.

  • Type of Rocks and Sediments: Ever heard of "liquefaction"? It's when loose materials act like liquid when shaken. Buildings on solid rock fare better than those on unconsolidated sediments.

  • Secondary Hazards: Sometimes, aftermath hazards like tsunamis, fires, contaminated water, etc. can be deadlier than the primary event. Post-eruption lahars (mudflows) at Pinatubo and Nevado del Ruiz claimed more lives than the eruptions themselves.

  • Economic Development: More developed countries often handle disasters better - they've got better prep, tech, health services, and emergency responses. Remember how Christchurch, New Zealand managed their earthquakes more effectively than Port-au-Prince, Haiti?

Interpreting data

Here's some cool links for you

  • Natural Disaster Profiles
  • Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters

Check out those natural disaster profiles for 13 countries and the multi-hazard disaster maps!

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Geography HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟