History HL
32
Chapters
489
Notes
Chapter 1 - China 1839-60 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 2 - The Opening Of China To Foreigners 1860-1901 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 3 - Defeat & Revolution 1901-25 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 4 - Nationalists & Communists 1924-45 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 5 - The Japanese Threat & Communist Takeover 1931-49 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 6 - China & The Wider World 1949-76 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 7 - Government, Economy & Society Under Mao After 1949 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 8 - The Cultural Revolution 1966 -76 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 9 - Deng Xiaoping
Chapter 10 - China & The Wider World 1978-97 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 11 - Concluding Survey (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 12 - Jews, Arabs & The British 1900-39 (Middle East)
Chapter 13 - The Birth Of Isreal 1939-49 (Middle East)
Chapter 14 - Arab-Israeli Wars In 1956, 1967, & 1973 (Middle East)
Chapter 15 - Nasser, Egypt & Arab Nationalism (Middle East)
Chapter 16 - The Palestinian Problem (Middle East)
Chapter 17 - The Challenges Of Peace-Making 1991-2008: Israelis & Palestinians (Middle East)
Chapter 18 - The Iran-Iraq War 1980-8 (Middle East)
Chapter 19 - Iraq & The West 1988-2008 (Middle East)
Chapter 20 - From Arab Nationalism To IsIamic Fundamentalism (Middle East)
Chapter 21 - Truman (Cold War 1945- 81)
Chapter 22 - The Korean War (Cold War 1945-81)
Chapter 23 - Eisenhower & Dulles (Cold war 1945 -81)
Chapter 25 - Kennedy To Carter (Cold War 1945-81)
Chapter 26 - Weimar Germany - 1918-1933 (European States)
Chapter 27 - Hitler’s Germany - 1933-1939 (European States)
Chapter 28 - Italy - 1918-1922 (European States)
Chapter 29 - Mussolini’s Italy - 1922-1939 (European States)
Chapter 30 - Spain - 1918-1936 (European States)
Chapter 31 - The Spanish Civil War - 1936-1939 (European States)
Chapter 32 - The Soviet Union - 1918-1929 (European States)
Chapter 33 - The Soviet Union - 1929-1939 (European States)
History HL
Chapter 25 - Kennedy To Carter (Cold War 1945-81)
Carter's Pursuit of Human Rights Key Strategies & Impacts
449 words
3 mins read
Last edited on 16th Oct 2024
Table of content
Methods Carter Used
- Linking US Aid to Human Rights Records (1977-1978)
- Countries with good records: 🎁 Consideration for aid
- Countries with bad records: ❌ No aid
- Key Document: Presidential Directive 30 (Feb 1978) - This became the blueprint for the US human rights policy.
- Bureaucratic Changes & Key Figures
- Renamed: Office of Human Affairs ➡️ Bureau of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs.
- Leader: Assistant Secretary of State Patricia Derian.
- Warren Christopher was appointed to lead Human Rights Coordinating Group (HRCG) to align foreign aid with human rights.
- National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski's moves
- Formed: Interagency Working Group on Human Rights and Foreign Assistance.
- Established: Global Issues group within the NSC overseeing human rights & arms control.
- Congressional Oversight
- Carter's ally: Don Fraser, Chair of the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements.
- New Requirement: Department of State to submit annual report on global human rights practices. 📄
- Economic 'Linkage' Policy
- Example: Carter 🤝 USSR trade deal only if Jews allowed to emigrate.
- Support (albeit discreetly) for rights groups: Charter 77 (Czechoslovakia) and Solidarity (Poland).
Real-World Example: Think of it as a teacher who won't give you candy if you've been misbehaving in class. Countries had to behave (respect human rights) to get treats (US aid)!
Carter's Latin America Focus
- Backdrop: When Carter took the office, it's like walking into a party where most attendees are rule-breaking bullies (dictatorships).
- Carter's Concerns
- Alarm bells: 🚨 Human rights violations & lack of democracy.
- Big Move: Detaching the US from nasty governments.
- Actions in Latin America
- Aid Cuts: Military aid 📉 75% (from $233.5M in 1976 to $54M in 1979). For Argentina: $32M ➡️ $15.7M in his first year.
- Chile Drama: Relations soured with Pinochet's Chile.
- Carter's UN speech in 1977 ➡️ UN condemns Chile.
- Pinochet's reaction: Holds a controversial plebiscite in 1978, claims a 78.6% victory amid accusations of fraud.
- Argentina's Reaction
- "We're normal!" Campaign: Trying to combat Carter's criticisms.
- World Cup Politics: Using the 1978 Football World Cup win to distract from the ‘dirty war’ - a cruel campaign against perceived threats.
Real-World Example: Imagine a school bully trying to act like an angel when the principal (Carter) starts watching. Argentina's World Cup win is like a bully winning a school talent show and hoping everyone forgets their mean side!
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History HL
Chapter 25 - Kennedy To Carter (Cold War 1945-81)
Carter's Pursuit of Human Rights Key Strategies & Impacts
449 words
3 mins read
Last edited on 16th Oct 2024
Table of content
Methods Carter Used
- Linking US Aid to Human Rights Records (1977-1978)
- Countries with good records: 🎁 Consideration for aid
- Countries with bad records: ❌ No aid
- Key Document: Presidential Directive 30 (Feb 1978) - This became the blueprint for the US human rights policy.
- Bureaucratic Changes & Key Figures
- Renamed: Office of Human Affairs ➡️ Bureau of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs.
- Leader: Assistant Secretary of State Patricia Derian.
- Warren Christopher was appointed to lead Human Rights Coordinating Group (HRCG) to align foreign aid with human rights.
- National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski's moves
- Formed: Interagency Working Group on Human Rights and Foreign Assistance.
- Established: Global Issues group within the NSC overseeing human rights & arms control.
- Congressional Oversight
- Carter's ally: Don Fraser, Chair of the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements.
- New Requirement: Department of State to submit annual report on global human rights practices. 📄
- Economic 'Linkage' Policy
- Example: Carter 🤝 USSR trade deal only if Jews allowed to emigrate.
- Support (albeit discreetly) for rights groups: Charter 77 (Czechoslovakia) and Solidarity (Poland).
Real-World Example: Think of it as a teacher who won't give you candy if you've been misbehaving in class. Countries had to behave (respect human rights) to get treats (US aid)!
Carter's Latin America Focus
- Backdrop: When Carter took the office, it's like walking into a party where most attendees are rule-breaking bullies (dictatorships).
- Carter's Concerns
- Alarm bells: 🚨 Human rights violations & lack of democracy.
- Big Move: Detaching the US from nasty governments.
- Actions in Latin America
- Aid Cuts: Military aid 📉 75% (from $233.5M in 1976 to $54M in 1979). For Argentina: $32M ➡️ $15.7M in his first year.
- Chile Drama: Relations soured with Pinochet's Chile.
- Carter's UN speech in 1977 ➡️ UN condemns Chile.
- Pinochet's reaction: Holds a controversial plebiscite in 1978, claims a 78.6% victory amid accusations of fraud.
- Argentina's Reaction
- "We're normal!" Campaign: Trying to combat Carter's criticisms.
- World Cup Politics: Using the 1978 Football World Cup win to distract from the ‘dirty war’ - a cruel campaign against perceived threats.
Real-World Example: Imagine a school bully trying to act like an angel when the principal (Carter) starts watching. Argentina's World Cup win is like a bully winning a school talent show and hoping everyone forgets their mean side!
Unlock the Full Content!
Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of History HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟