• Electrons move through metal.
• On a tiny scale, these electrons bump into positive ions & give 'em energy.
• Result? We see heating! 🔥

Real-World Analogy: Imagine running through a crowd. The more people you bump into (resistance), the slower you get to the end (less efficient energy transfer).

• Wires made of different metals, or even different shapes of the same metal, show varied energy transfers.
• Example: With the same current, a tungsten wire heats up more than a copper one.

Remember: Electrical resistance helps us understand these differences!

• Resistance (R) = (Potential difference across the component) / (Current in the component)
• The mathy bit: R = V/I
• Unit? Ohm (Ω), named after physicist Georg Simon Ohm. (Bonus: In long-form, Ω ≡ kgm² s⁻³A⁻². Phew! 😅)

Alternative Equations:

• V = IR
• I = V/R

• Electrons gain energy from electric fields, then transfer energy to metal lattices.
• The transferred energy causes atomic vibrations 🕺.
• More energy transferred = hotter metal due to faster atomic movements = more resistance!

Real-World Analogy: Think of a crowded dance floor. The more dancers (energy), the hotter the room gets (resistance)!

🎸 Quantized Acoustic Waves: A Rockin' Resistance! 🎸

• Metal lattices have unique quantized waves.
• These waves travel in the lattice. More on quanta in Theme E!