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Magnifying Glass Tilted Right

Theme D - Fields

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Rocket

Theme A - Space, Time & Motion

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Thermometer

Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Water Wave

Theme C - Wave Behaviour 

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Microscope

Theme E - Nuclear & Quantum Physics

<ul>
	<li>1785: Charles-Augustin de Coulomb made a shocking discovery!</li>
	<li>His research confirmed earlier works by stars like Daniel Bernoulli, Alessandro Volta, and Joseph Priestley.</li>
	<li>Finding: The force between two point charges decreases with the square of the distance between them! Just like gravity. Cool, right? 😎</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Aim: Investigate forces between charged objects.</li>
	<li>Tools: Polystyrene spheres, metal paint/colloidal graphite or aluminium foil, insulating rod and thread, high-voltage power supply.</li>
	<li>Procedure: Charge the spheres, bring them close, observe the magic (or science)! Distance and force have a unique relationship, which is explored in this experiment.</li>
	<li>Outcome: When you&#39;re meticulous, you&#39;ll get a straight-line graph plotting distance against 1/r2.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.</li>
	<li>Formula: F = k (q1q2) / r2
	<ul>
		<li>Where F is the force.</li>
		<li>q1 and q2 are the charges.</li>
		<li>r is the distance between charges.</li>
		<li>k is Coulomb&rsquo;s constant (8.99 &times; 109 Nm^2C&minus;2 in SI units).</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Forces have direction! Remember how you can push or pull something? That&#39;s direction.</li>
	<li>A mathematical trick: The sign of the charges gives a hint on the force direction.
	<ul>
		<li>Two like charges (both positive or both negative) repel.</li>
		<li>Opposite charges (one positive, one negative) attract.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Real-world example: Think of two friends in a drama &ndash; sometimes they bond (like opposite charges) and sometimes they fight (like similar charges)!</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Sometimes, scientists tweak the force equation using something called &quot;permittivity&quot;.</li>
	<li>Permittivity (&epsilon;0): It&#39;s a property of space, or the medium between the charges, which affects electric fields. Think of it as how a soccer ball moves differently on grass vs. water.</li>
	<li>&epsilon;0 value: 8.854 &times; 10-12 C2N-1m-2 (for vacuum).</li>
	<li>Different mediums (like water, air) have different values.</li>
	<li>Pro Tip: For most purposes, permittivity of air &asymp; permittivity of a vacuum (free space).</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Scenario: Two charges, +10nC and &ndash;10nC, separated by 15mm in air.
	<ul>
		<li>Outcome: The electrostatic force between them can easily lift a tiny piece of paper! 🍃 (Always knew static electricity had secret superpowers!)</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Scenario: Two point charges, +5&mu;C and +3&mu;C, 1.5m apart in a mysterious liquid.
	<ul>
		<li>Outcome: A repulsive force of 23mN acts between them! Pushing each other away like feuding siblings.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

✨ EndNote: The interactions between charges is fascinating! It&#39;s everywhere - from the static shock when you touch a doorknob to the vast electrical storms in our skies. Stay curious, and remember - every little charge matters! ⚡

&nbsp;

P.S.: When handling electrical equipment, always ensure safety. It&#39;s like handling hot food - it&#39;s exciting, but needs caution! 😄

Theme D - Fields

Coulomb's Pioneering Experiments: Understanding Charged Objects' Forces

Table of content

Historical context

Coulomb’s experiment (the basics)

Key formula alert 🚨

Unlock the Full Content!

Theme D - Fields

Coulomb's Pioneering Experiments: Understanding Charged Objects' Forces

Table of content

Historical context

Coulomb’s experiment (the basics)

Key formula alert 🚨

Unlock the Full Content!