Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL
Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL
18
Chapters
197
Notes
Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy
Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy
Chapter 2 - Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology
Chapter 2 - Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology
Chapter 3 - Nutrition & Energy Systems
Chapter 3 - Nutrition & Energy Systems
Chapter 4 - Movement Analysis
Chapter 4 - Movement Analysis
Chapter 5 - Skill In Sport
Chapter 5 - Skill In Sport
Chapter 6 - Measurement & evaluation of human performance
Chapter 6 - Measurement & evaluation of human performance
Chapter 7 - Training to optimize physiological performance
Chapter 7 - Training to optimize physiological performance
Chapter 8 - Environmental Factors & Performance
Chapter 8 - Environmental Factors & Performance
Chapter 9 - Non-Nutritional Ergogenic Aids
Chapter 9 - Non-Nutritional Ergogenic Aids
Chapter 10 - Individual Differences In Sport
Chapter 10 - Individual Differences In Sport
Chapter 11 - Motivation In Sport & Exercise
Chapter 11 - Motivation In Sport & Exercise
Chapter 12 - Arousal, Anxiety & Performance
Chapter 12 - Arousal, Anxiety & Performance
Chapter 13 - Psychological Skills Training
Chapter 13 - Psychological Skills Training
Chapter 14 - Overtraining, Stress & Burnout In Adolescent Athletes
Chapter 14 - Overtraining, Stress & Burnout In Adolescent Athletes
Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health
Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health
Chapter 16 - Nutrition For Sport & Exercise
Chapter 16 - Nutrition For Sport & Exercise
Chapter 17 - Internal Assessment & Practical Work
Chapter 17 - Internal Assessment & Practical Work
Chapter 18 - Perparing For Your Exams
Chapter 18 - Perparing For Your Exams
IB Resources
Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy
Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL
Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Unlock The Secrets Of Skeletal Muscle Fascia And Performance

Word Count Emoji
699 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Muscle madness diving into the basics ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ

  • Skeletal muscles? They're team players! ๐Ÿค
  • They don't work solo, but in groups to achieve certain movements.
  • Think of muscles as being tucked away in cozy compartments. All muscles in a compartment have the same gig.

Layers layers everywhere (fascia 101) ๐ŸŽจ

  • Fascia: It's like the body's own packaging tape.

    • Connective tissue, located between and around muscles, bones, etc.
    • Contains fibrous tissue, some fat, and fluid.
    • Types of fascia
      • Superficial (right under the skin)
      • Deep (around muscles, attaching to bones)
  • Muscle's Three-Layer Cake of Fascia

    • ๐Ÿฐ Epimysium: Outer layer. Covers the whole muscle. Like the icing on the cake!
    • ๐Ÿฐ Perimysium: Middle layer. Surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles. Think of these like the layers in our cake!
    • ๐Ÿฐ Endomysium: Inner layer. Wraps around individual muscle fibers. The yummy filling!

Under the microscope ๐Ÿ”ฌ

  • Muscles have thousands of long fibers.
  • Within these fibers are structures called myofibrils, which show light and dark bands. These bands are why muscles look striated (like they have stripes)!
  • The most epic part? The sarcomere. It's a unit within the myofibril and contains proteins like actin and myosin which help muscles contract. More on this superstar in chapter 4!

Muscle fitness facts ๐Ÿƒโ€โ™‚๏ธ

  • ๐Ÿ’ช Hypertrophy: When you exercise, muscles bulk up thanks to an increase in myofibrils.
  • ๐Ÿค• Atrophy: Not using your muscles? They'll shrink! Like when you can't move a limb due to a cast.

Beyond the muscle โ€“tendons ๐ŸŒ‰

  • Tendons are muscle's bridges to the bone.
  • Made of super-strong fibrous tissue.
  • Shapes of tendons
    • ๐ŸŽต Cord-like
    • ๐Ÿ“„ Broad flat sheets (aponeurosis)
  • Some tendons live in tendon sheaths, like those in our wrist. These sheaths have fluid to make sure tendons don't get too much friction.
  • Muscle Belly: The thickest part of the muscle. It pops out when the muscle contracts!

Muscles the super healers ๐Ÿš‘

  • Muscles are like luxury homes with excellent blood and nerve supply.
  • Nerves carrying messages from the brain to the muscles? Those are motor neurons.
  • They release special chemicals that tell the muscle to get moving!
  • Muscles have a supply chain of capillaries bringing them oxygen and nutrients, helping them repair when injured.

Muscle attachments origin & insertion ๐Ÿ’ƒ

  • Tendons help muscles attach to bones.
  • Muscle's Two Anchor Points
    • ๐ŸŒณ Origin: Close to the body's center. This point is usually stable.
    • ๐Ÿƒโ€โ™‚๏ธ Insertion: Farther from the body's center. This is the mover and shaker!
  • Some muscles are special because they can influence movement at TWO joints!

๐Ÿ”ฅ Hot Tip: Remember, most muscles help in moving a joint they're near, but some overachievers work on two joints! Dive deeper into muscle actions in chapter 4.

 

Study and understand the fun way! Keep flexing those brain muscles! ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿง ๐ŸŽ‰

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IB Resources
Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy
Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL
Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Unlock The Secrets Of Skeletal Muscle Fascia And Performance

Word Count Emoji
699 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Muscle madness diving into the basics ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ

  • Skeletal muscles? They're team players! ๐Ÿค
  • They don't work solo, but in groups to achieve certain movements.
  • Think of muscles as being tucked away in cozy compartments. All muscles in a compartment have the same gig.

Layers layers everywhere (fascia 101) ๐ŸŽจ

  • Fascia: It's like the body's own packaging tape.

    • Connective tissue, located between and around muscles, bones, etc.
    • Contains fibrous tissue, some fat, and fluid.
    • Types of fascia
      • Superficial (right under the skin)
      • Deep (around muscles, attaching to bones)
  • Muscle's Three-Layer Cake of Fascia

    • ๐Ÿฐ Epimysium: Outer layer. Covers the whole muscle. Like the icing on the cake!
    • ๐Ÿฐ Perimysium: Middle layer. Surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles. Think of these like the layers in our cake!
    • ๐Ÿฐ Endomysium: Inner layer. Wraps around individual muscle fibers. The yummy filling!

Under the microscope ๐Ÿ”ฌ

  • Muscles have thousands of long fibers.
  • Within these fibers are structures called myofibrils, which show light and dark bands. These bands are why muscles look striated (like they have stripes)!
  • The most epic part? The sarcomere. It's a unit within the myofibril and contains proteins like actin and myosin which help muscles contract. More on this superstar in chapter 4!

Muscle fitness facts ๐Ÿƒโ€โ™‚๏ธ

  • ๐Ÿ’ช Hypertrophy: When you exercise, muscles bulk up thanks to an increase in myofibrils.
  • ๐Ÿค• Atrophy: Not using your muscles? They'll shrink! Like when you can't move a limb due to a cast.

Beyond the muscle โ€“tendons ๐ŸŒ‰

  • Tendons are muscle's bridges to the bone.
  • Made of super-strong fibrous tissue.
  • Shapes of tendons
    • ๐ŸŽต Cord-like
    • ๐Ÿ“„ Broad flat sheets (aponeurosis)
  • Some tendons live in tendon sheaths, like those in our wrist. These sheaths have fluid to make sure tendons don't get too much friction.
  • Muscle Belly: The thickest part of the muscle. It pops out when the muscle contracts!

Muscles the super healers ๐Ÿš‘

  • Muscles are like luxury homes with excellent blood and nerve supply.
  • Nerves carrying messages from the brain to the muscles? Those are motor neurons.
  • They release special chemicals that tell the muscle to get moving!
  • Muscles have a supply chain of capillaries bringing them oxygen and nutrients, helping them repair when injured.

Muscle attachments origin & insertion ๐Ÿ’ƒ

  • Tendons help muscles attach to bones.
  • Muscle's Two Anchor Points
    • ๐ŸŒณ Origin: Close to the body's center. This point is usually stable.
    • ๐Ÿƒโ€โ™‚๏ธ Insertion: Farther from the body's center. This is the mover and shaker!
  • Some muscles are special because they can influence movement at TWO joints!

๐Ÿ”ฅ Hot Tip: Remember, most muscles help in moving a joint they're near, but some overachievers work on two joints! Dive deeper into muscle actions in chapter 4.

 

Study and understand the fun way! Keep flexing those brain muscles! ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿง ๐ŸŽ‰

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