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Woman Lifting Weights

Chapter 2 - Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology

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Flexed Biceps

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

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Peanuts

Chapter 3 - Nutrition & Energy Systems

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Chart Increasing

Chapter 4 - Movement Analysis

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Trophy

Chapter 5 - Skill In Sport

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Bar-Chart

Chapter 6 - Measurement & evaluation of human performance

Chapter 7 - Training to optimize physiological performance

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Globe Showing Europe Africa

Chapter 8 - Environmental Factors & Performance

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Pill

Chapter 9 - Non-Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

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Chapter 10 - Individual Differences In Sport

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Fire

Chapter 11 - Motivation In Sport & Exercise

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Grimacing Face

Chapter 12 - Arousal, Anxiety & Performance

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Brain

Chapter 13 - Psychological Skills Training

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Downcast Face with Sweat

Chapter 14 - Overtraining, Stress & Burnout In Adolescent Athletes

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Stethoscope

Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health

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Red Apple

Chapter 16 - Nutrition For Sport & Exercise

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Chart Decreasing

Chapter 17 - Internal Assessment & Practical Work

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Writing Hand

Chapter 18 - Perparing For Your Exams 

🚀 Fun Fact: The way you exercise affects how much oxygen you use! Yup, just like choosing between a bike ride or a jog changes your adventure!

<ul>
	<li>VO2max: Maximum amount of oxygen one can use during intense exercise.</li>
	<li>Different exercise = different VO2max values.
	<ul>
		<li>Running vs. Cycling
		<ul>
			<li>Running involves more muscles (upper body and postural muscles) because it&#39;s a weight-bearing activity. Hence, a higher VO2max than cycling.</li>
		</ul>
		</li>
		<li>Fun Example: 🎿 Cross-country skiers have the highest values because skiing works the upper-body, lower-body, and those postural muscles all at once!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

While there could be many barriers, the main culprit is usually the cardiovascular system! It sometimes struggles to deliver enough oxygen.

<ul>
	<li>Exceptions: illnesses or those with extreme aerobic fitness.</li>
	<li>Real-world Example: Think of it as a delivery truck (your cardiovascular system) struggling to deliver all the packages (oxygen) during the holiday season rush!</li>
</ul>

Aerobic training can ⬆️ your VO2max! How?

<ul>
	<li>
	Central adaptations: Changes in the heart and cardiovascular system.

	<ul>
		<li>Bigger stroke volume (both sub-maximal and maximal).</li>
		<li>Heart rate decreases at sub-maximal intensities but stays the same at maximal.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	Peripheral adaptations: Changes in muscles and blood.

	<ul>
		<li>More blood can fill the heart before each beat due to an increase in the left ventricle&#39;s volume.</li>
		<li>Muscles develop more capillaries.</li>
		<li>The muscle itself adapts to extract more oxygen from the blood.</li>
	</ul>

	Real-world Example: Imagine your body as a car engine. Over time, with good maintenance (training), your engine (muscles and cardiovascular system) becomes more efficient, using fuel (oxygen) better and giving better performance (higher VO2max)!
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Why would doctors want to check VO2 during an exercise test?</li>
	<li>Explain breathing and its exercise relationship.</li>
	<li>Fill in the blanks:</li>
	<li>Oxygen diffuses ______ from blood ______ muscle due to pressure differences.</li>
	<li>CO2 diffuses ______ the lungs ______ the blood.</li>
	<li>Which pigment in which blood cell binds oxygen?</li>
	<li>Sketch and label the heart&#39;s chambers.</li>
	<li>Name the cells in the heart that make it beat!</li>
	<li>During exercise, what happens to the smooth muscles in active muscles vs. kidneys?</li>
	<li>Discuss the heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output responses during exercise.</li>
	<li>What&#39;s VO2max? Why&#39;s it important for health and sports?</li>
	<li>How does training elevate VO2max?</li>
</ul>

Unlock The Secrets Of VO2max: Boost Your Exercise Performance Today

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Higher Level

Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL

Chapter 2 - Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology

Unlock The Secrets Of VO2max: Boost Your Exercise Performance Today

Table of content

Why the type of exercise matters 🤔

What limits VO2max? 🚫

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 2 - Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology

Unlock The Secrets Of VO2max: Boost Your Exercise Performance Today

Table of content

Why the type of exercise matters 🤔

What limits VO2max? 🚫

Unlock the Full Content!