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Stethoscope

Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health

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Flexed Biceps

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

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Woman Lifting Weights

Chapter 2 - Cardio - Respiratory Exercise Physiology

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Peanuts

Chapter 3 - Nutrition & Energy Systems

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Chart Increasing

Chapter 4 - Movement Analysis

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Trophy

Chapter 5 - Skill In Sport

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Bar-Chart

Chapter 6 - Measurement & Evaluation Of Human Performance

Chapter 7 - Training To Optimize Physiological Performance

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Globe Showing Europe Africa

Chapter 8 - Environmental Factors & Performance

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Pill

Chapter 9 - Non-Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

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Chapter 10 - Individual Differences In Sport

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Fire

Chapter 11 - Motivation In Sport & Exercise

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Grimacing Face

Chapter 12 - Arousal, Anxiety & Performance

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Brain

Chapter 13 - Psychological Skills Training

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Downcast Face with Sweat

Chapter 14 - Overtraining, Stress & Burnout In Adolescent Athletes

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Red Apple

Chapter 16 - Nutrition For Sport & Exercise

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Chart Decreasing

Chapter 17 - Internal Assessment & Practical Work

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Writing Hand

Chapter 18 - Perparing for your exams 

🍔 Energy intake = Calories we eat/drink 🏃 Energy expenditure = Calories we burn

Possible Outcomes

<ul>
	<li>Intake &gt; Expenditure = 📈 Weight Gain</li>
	<li>Intake &lt; Expenditure = 📉 Weight Loss</li>
	<li>Intake = Expenditure = 🔄 Stable Body Weight</li>
</ul>

🔍 Behind this equation is a maze of factors that determine how we eat and burn calories!

🤔 If you eat less, over time, your metabolism (how fast you burn calories) will slow down. But eat more, and you&#39;ll put on weight and your metabolism will speed up.

<ul>
	<li>Ghrelin 🍕: Makes you hungry</li>
	<li>Leptin 🚫🍕: Makes you feel full</li>
</ul>

🛒 And don&#39;t forget the world around us! Easy-to-get and affordable tasty food can make us eat more.

<ul>
	<li>Fights obesity by increasing calorie burning.</li>
	<li>Reduces fat under the skin and in the abdomen.</li>
</ul>

Exercise Recommendations

<ul>
	<li>🇺🇸 American College of Sports Medicine: 20-35 minutes daily (150-250 minutes weekly).</li>
	<li>Other groups suggest: 45-60 minutes daily (5-7 hours weekly).</li>
</ul>

⚠️ But, everyone&#39;s different! Some folks might need even more exercise to shed those pounds.

<ul>
	<li>Weight loss through exercise varies among people.</li>
	<li>Not everyone feels the need to eat more after a workout, but some might.</li>
</ul>

Study Spotlight: Dr. James and his team looked at posture over ten days in lean and obese people using fancy devices called accelerometers. Findings:

<ul>
	<li>Obese participants sat for 164 minutes longer each day than lean ones.</li>
	<li>Lean participants were upright for 152 minutes longer.</li>
	<li>Both groups saw themselves as &ldquo;couch potatoes&rdquo;. Most activity was non-exercise activities like sitting, standing, walking, and talking, called &quot;non-exercise activity thermogenesis&quot; or neAT.</li>
</ul>

Cool Fact 🤓: If obese individuals increased their neAT to match lean folks, they could burn an extra 350 kcal/day and potentially lose 15 kg in a year!

&nbsp;

🤔 Thought Prompt: Are some people biologically programmed to be more sedentary and thus, more prone to obesity? How does this change our approach to obesity prevention and management?

<ul>
	<li>Levitsky, J. A. 2005. &ldquo;Inter-individual variation in posture allocation: possible role in human obesity.&rdquo; Science. Vol 307. Pp 584&ndash;6.</li>
</ul>

<h4>TO THINK ABOUT</h4>

&nbsp;

Next Reading Prompt

Unlock The Energy Balance Equation: Your Guide To Weight Management

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Standard Level

Sports, Exercise & Health Science SL

Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health

Unlock The Energy Balance Equation: Your Guide To Weight Management

Table of content

The Energy Balance Equation

How Energy Intake and Expenditure Influence Each Other

Hungry? Or Full? Hormones Decide

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health

Unlock The Energy Balance Equation: Your Guide To Weight Management

Table of content

The Energy Balance Equation

How Energy Intake and Expenditure Influence Each Other

Hungry? Or Full? Hormones Decide

Unlock the Full Content!