is influenced by various physical, demographic, and socio-economic factors, such as age, sex, economic circumstances, ethnicity, health, life stage, available time, and other responsibilities.

• Real-world Example: A college student might have ample time for sports but limited resources, whereas a successful businessman might have enough money for tourism but a scarcity of time due to work commitments.

exist in sports participation and international sporting success. The participation rate is the proportion of a population engaged in a specific sport.

• Real-world Example: The number of people who participate in cricket in India is much higher than in the United States, demonstrating spatial variation.

can significantly impact sports and tourism activities. For example, geographical features like mountains, coasts, hills, rivers, and lakes could influence participation in sports like skiing, surfing, mountain biking, and fishing.

• Real-world Example: Hawaii's large plunging breakers produce perfect conditions for surfing, attracting many surfers each year.

economic status can influence leisure activities. As the country develops and people become wealthier, the types of leisure activities also evolve.

• Real-world Example: As China has developed economically, the adult and elderly population has begun to spend more time on leisure activities such as table tennis, badminton, and online activities.

related to economic, social, and political issues can also affect sports and tourism participation. However, their impact might not be as pronounced as physical factors.

• Real-world Example: Wealthier nations tend to have more tourists and better sports facilities. Golf courses, for example, are more common in high-income countries.