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Pill

Theme C - Interaction &  Interdependence

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Direct Hit

Theme A - Unity & diversity

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Page Facing Up

Theme B - Form & Function

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Keycap Digit One

Theme D - Continuity & Change

<ul>
	<li>What are they? White blood cells in our immune system, including the famous helper T-cells.</li>
</ul>

🍿 Fun Fact: Think of lymphocytes as superheroes that fight off baddies! Imagine Batman (a T-cell) working with Robin (a different lymphocyte) to keep Gotham safe.

<ul>
	<li>Entry move: HIV invades helper T-cells (aka Batman!).</li>
	<li>Nasty Consequence: Over time, this destroys our capacity to make antibodies. It&#39;s like taking out the bat-signal&mdash;Gotham becomes vulnerable!</li>
</ul>

🔍 HIV Detection: In the early game, our immune system recognizes HIV and creates antibodies. Detect these, and you&#39;re labeled &quot;HIV-positive&quot;.

<ul>
	<li>Opportunistic Infections: Nasty infections that healthy immune systems would typically block. Like minor crooks causing havoc because Batman isn&#39;t around!</li>
</ul>

🚩 Special Mention: Kaposi&rsquo;s sarcoma &ndash; a rare infection that&#39;s like the Joker showing up. It indicates advanced HIV stages.

<ul>
	<li>What&#39;s in a name? A combo of diseases caused by HIV is called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).</li>
</ul>

🍕 Analogy Time: Think of HIV as individual pizza ingredients (say, just pepperoni or cheese), but AIDS? That&#39;s the whole pizza with all the toppings. You don&#39;t want this pizza, though.

<ul>
	<li>Special Ingredient: RNA genes.</li>
	<li>Magic Trick: Uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to change RNA into DNA once inside a host cell.</li>
</ul>

🧪 Stopping the Magic: Antiretroviral drugs block reverse transcriptase. Others mess with HIV&rsquo;s plan to insert its DNA into our cells or build its virus &quot;costume.&quot;

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💡 Real-world tidbit: These drugs have revolutionized HIV treatment, like adding security updates to a computer to block a hacker!

<ul>
	<li>Check the internet for rates in each country.</li>
</ul>

📊 Case Study: Figure 16 shows data for the USA and South Africa.

<ul>
	<li>The y-axis scale

	<ul>
		<li>Represents deaths and new infections.</li>
		<li>People living with HIV? Multiply by 10!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

🌍 Population Perspective (Year 2000)

<ul>
	<li>USA: 282 million</li>
	<li>South Africa: 45 million</li>
</ul>

🌈 Final Thoughts: Just like in our superhero tales, there&#39;s hope. With medicine and understanding, we can combat HIV and support those affected. Now, wear your mask, not just against villains but viruses too! 😉🦸&zwj;♂️🦸&zwj;♀️

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Happy Studying! 📚🔬🌟

Theme C - Interaction & Interdependence

Understanding HIV's Attack on Lymphocytes

Table of content

The Superstar Cells - Lymphocytes

The Villain - HIV

Consequences of Untreated HIV