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Pill

Theme C - Interaction &  Interdependence

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Direct Hit

Theme A - Unity & diversity

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Page Facing Up

Theme B - Form & Function

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Keycap Digit One

Theme D - Continuity & Change

<ul>
	<li>
	What is it?

	<ul>
		<li>Competition between different species.</li>
		<li>E.g. Lions 🦁 and hyenas 🦓 both compete for the same prey in the savanna.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	Testing Interspecific Competition

	<ul>
		<li>Observe where multiple species grow in habitats.</li>
		<li>Check if certain species avoid growing with others (maybe they don&#39;t like each other? 🤔).</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>H0 (Null Hypothesis): The two species are like &quot;meh&quot;, they don&rsquo;t mind each other, so they&#39;re distributed without caring about the other.</li>
	<li>H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): The two species either love ❤️ or hate 🖤 each other, so their distribution is affected.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	A mathematical test used to understand species distribution.
	</li>
	<li>
	Important

	<ul>
		<li>Only works if expected occurrences (frequencies) are 5 or more.</li>
		<li>The test needs random samples! Imagine choosing your candy from a mix without looking. 🍬</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	But, Wait!

	<ul>
		<li>A significant chi-squared test doesn&#39;t shout &quot;Competition!&quot;.</li>
		<li>Maybe the species
		<ul>
			<li>Prefer different room designs 🛋️ (different habitat requirements).</li>
			<li>Just love being neighbors 🏘️ (same habitat requirements but no resource competition).</li>
			<li>Have a relationship (maybe they do gardening together 🌱) that encourages being close.</li>
		</ul>
		</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Field Manipulation
	<ul>
		<li>Like removing all the cookies 🍪 from a jar and seeing if someone reaches for a muffin 🧁 instead. If you remove one species, does the other grow more?</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Lab Experiments
	<ul>
		<li>Grow species in the same pot and separate pots. Kinda like seeing if two siblings fight over toys or can play separately.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	Experiments

	<ul>
		<li>Scientists play around! They introduce changes and see what happens.</li>
		<li>Randomized Controlled Trial: Like a coin flip 🪙. Half get the change, half don&rsquo;t.</li>
		<li>Sometimes, they give different amounts of change to groups.</li>
		<li>Provides stronger evidence because it&#39;s clearer what caused the result.</li>
		<li>But! Some experiments can be mean 😢 (unethical) or just not practical.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	Observational Studies

	<ul>
		<li>Scientists just watch, like a nature documentary 🎥. No changes made.</li>
		<li>Great when
		<ul>
			<li>The study takes a looong time ⌛.</li>
			<li>Lots of repetition is needed.</li>
			<li>Or experiments might harm someone or something.</li>
		</ul>
		</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

Imagine wanting to know if two kids fight over toys. You could

<ul>
	<li>Watch and see how often they fight.</li>
	<li>Or, give one kid a toy and see if the other snatches it. The first is like an observational study, and the second is an experiment. But, if you make one kid cry, well...that&#39;s unethical. 😟</li>
</ul>

Remember, nature isn&#39;t just about survival of the fittest, but also about who gets along with whom.

&nbsp;

Happy studying! 🌺📘

Theme C - Interaction & Interdependence

Unlock Secrets of Interspecific Competition!

Table of content

Interspecific Competition 🌼

Hypotheses 🔍

The Chi-squared Test 📊