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Direct Hit

Theme A - Unity & Diversity

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Page Facing Up

Theme B - Form & Function

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Pill

Theme C - Interaction &  Interdependence

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Keycap Digit One

Theme D - Continuity & Change

Main Ideas

<ul>
	<li>Eukaryote genomes vary greatly in size and base sequences.</li>
	<li>This variation is greater between species than within a species.</li>
	<li>Large genomes aren&#39;t necessarily &quot;better&quot; or more functional.</li>
</ul>

Examples

<ul>
	<li>The human genome is like a vast library, but almost half of it is filled with &quot;junk DNA&quot; called transposons. Imagine a bookshelf with loads of books, but half of them are filled with gibberish. That&#39;s what our DNA can be like!</li>
</ul>

Main Ideas

<ul>
	<li>Genome size is measured in base pairs.</li>
	<li>There&#39;s a huge range in genome sizes, even among closely related species.</li>
	<li>Large genomes can contain a lot of &quot;junk DNA.&quot;</li>
</ul>

Examples

<ul>
	<li>The Paris japonica, a flowering plant, has the largest known genome, which is 50 times larger than that of humans! Imagine having 50 human-sized closets filled with clothes, but only half of them are wearable. That&#39;s what this plant&#39;s DNA is like!</li>
</ul>

Main Ideas

<ul>
	<li>Two populations of a species will have some differences in base sequences.</li>
	<li>Differences increase if the populations diverge into separate species.</li>
	<li>Some genes change infrequently because they have essential functions, like cytochrome c.</li>
</ul>

Examples

<ul>
	<li>The gene for cytochrome c, vital in respiration, is like a classic family recipe. It doesn&#39;t change much over generations, because it&#39;s essential and works perfectly.</li>
</ul>

Main Ideas

<ul>
	<li>Species diverging from a common ancestor develop differences in genes.</li>
	<li>Genes can be added or removed from genomes, creating diversity.</li>
</ul>

Examples

<ul>
	<li>Think of genes like a set of building blocks. Over time, species may add new blocks, remove old ones, or rearrange them to suit their specific needs and lifestyles.</li>
</ul>

The graph compares genome size with the number of protein-coding genes in eukaryote species.

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The curve shows that the number of protein-coding genes is not directly proportional to genome size.

<ul>
	<li>A straight line would indicate a direct proportion.</li>
	<li>This disproportion occurs because a large genome can have a lot of non-functional DNA (like our junk DNA example).</li>
</ul>

The statistic R&sup2; is a measure of how well the trend line fits the data.

<ul>
	<li>R&sup2; is a statistical measure of how close the data fits to the fitted regression line.</li>
	<li>A value of 0.919 means a very strong correlation; the trend line fits the data very closely.</li>
</ul>

Logarithmic scales can be tricky!

<ul>
	<li>If log₁₀ protein-coding gene number is 4.0, the actual number is 10^4 = 10,000 genes.</li>
	<li>If log₁₀ genome size is 6.0, the actual number of base pairs is 10^6 = 1,000,000 base pairs.</li>
</ul>

And there you have it! A fun exploration of the incredible diversity and complexity of eukaryote genomes. It&#39;s like a never-ending jigsaw puzzle with each species having its own unique set of pieces.

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Happy studying! 🧬🌱🐒

Theme A - Unity & Diversity

Unraveling Eukaryote Genome Diversity Size Vs. Functionality

Table of content

Diversity in eukaryote genomes

Variation in genome size

Variation in base sequence

Unlock the Full Content!

Theme A - Unity & Diversity

Unraveling Eukaryote Genome Diversity Size Vs. Functionality

Table of content

Diversity in eukaryote genomes

Variation in genome size

Variation in base sequence

Unlock the Full Content!