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Page Facing Up

Theme B - Form & Function

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Direct Hit

Theme A - Unity & Diversity

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Pill

Theme C - Interaction &  Interdependence

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Keycap Digit One

Theme D - Continuity & Change

<ul>
	<li>What are they?
	<ul>
		<li>Assemblages of rRNA and proteins.</li>
		<li>Eukaryotic ribosomes? 📏 About 30 nanometres in diameter.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Two Parts of Ribosomes 🥪
	<ul>
		<li>Small Subunit: Acts like a messenger receiver. It&#39;s got a special spot for mRNA.</li>
		<li>Large Subunit: This one&rsquo;s like a multi-tasker!
		<ul>
			<li>Can hold onto three tRNA molecules.</li>
			<li>Acts as a peptide bond factory. 🏭</li>
			<li>Has an escape route (exit tunnel) for the new protein.</li>
		</ul>
		</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Where you learn more about them: Check out Topic D1.2 for protein synthesis by ribosomes!</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Free Ribosomes
	<ul>
		<li>Floating around in the cell&#39;s cytoplasm.</li>
		<li>Their produced polypeptides: Either chill in the cytoplasm or crash the nucleus party.</li>
		<li>Fun fact! Cytoplasm = 🎉 Party Zone! Full of proteins with roles, from housekeepers like glycolysis enzymes to cell special agents doing unique tasks.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Attached Ribosomes (rER bound)
	<ul>
		<li>Making something that needs to be delivered? Then they get attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER).</li>
		<li>rER? Like a maze of sacs (cisternae) bounded by a membrane.</li>
		<li>Newly made polypeptides enter this maze and get packed into a vesicle (tiny bubble) that travels elsewhere.</li>
		<li>Usual first stop: The Golgi apparatus (the cell&#39;s packaging center). Destination? Often, outside the cell!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>PDB? A cool database showcasing the 3D structure of many biological molecules.</li>
	<li>Did You Know? 🌟
	<ul>
		<li>In 2000, three scientists (Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, and Ada E. Yonath) unlocked the structure of ribosome subunits and shared it with the world through PDB.</li>
		<li>Their genius? Rewarded with a Nobel Prize in 2009!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Home Experiment
	<ul>
		<li>Want to see a ribosome from a heat-loving bacterium, Thermus thermophilus? 🦠</li>
		<li>Visit the RCSB protein data bank and search for the image with code 1jgo.</li>
		<li>Rotate and explore! Spot the small and large subunits, and the attached tRNA and mRNA molecules.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

📝 Remember: Cells are like bustling cities, and ribosomes? They&#39;re the factories, producing what the city needs. Whether floating freely or attached to the rER, these tiny entities ensure the cell functions smoothly.

Think of ribosomes as chefs 👨&zwj;🍳 in a busy restaurant (the cell). The free ribosomes cook dishes (proteins) for immediate use, while the attached ones prepare special orders that need to be delivered to specific tables or even catered to external parties. The rER is like the restaurant&#39;s kitchen, and the Golgi apparatus is the packaging and delivery section!

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Happy Studying! 📚🌟

Unveiling Ribosomes Structure, Function & Nobel-Winning Discoveries

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Standard Level

Biology SL

Theme B - Form & Function

Unveiling Ribosomes Structure, Function & Nobel-Winning Discoveries

Table of content

Ribosomes - the tiny builders of the cell 🏗️

Types of ribosomes - free vs. attached 🚢

Unlock the Full Content!

Theme B - Form & Function

Unveiling Ribosomes Structure, Function & Nobel-Winning Discoveries

Table of content

Ribosomes - the tiny builders of the cell 🏗️

Types of ribosomes - free vs. attached 🚢

Unlock the Full Content!