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Test Tube

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

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Atom Symbol

Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure

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 Globe with Meridians

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

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Fire

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

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Rocket

Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?

🌏 World Connection: Think of a &quot;conjugate acid-base pair&quot; as a duo in a dance competition. When one dancer does a move (loses a proton), the other dancer responds (gains that proton). They&#39;re closely linked in their performance, just as acids and bases are in reactions!

<ul>
	<li>A Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry acid ➡️ loses a proton ➡️ produces a Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry base.</li>
	<li>A Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry base ➡️ gains a proton ➡️ produces a Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry acid.</li>
</ul>

The acid and base that differ by just ONE proton are called a &quot;conjugate acid-base pair.&quot;

&nbsp;

🍋 Fun Fact: Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid. When it loses a proton in water, it produces its conjugate base, making the drink a bit less sour!

<ul>
	<li>HCN + H2O Reaction
	<ul>
		<li>HCN(aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CN&minus; (aq)</li>
		<li>Here, HCN is the conjugate acid and CN&minus; is its conjugate base.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

🔍 Deep Dive: Expanding the reaction with water:

<ul>
	<li>HCN(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + CN&minus; (aq)</li>
	<li>Now, H3O+ and H2O form one pair and HCN and CN&minus; form the other!</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
	<ul>
		<li>This doesn&#39;t form a conjugate acid-base pair with SO4 2&minus; because they differ by TWO protons.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

💡 Did You Know? If sulfuric acid dissociates step by step, each step has its own conjugate acid-base pair

<ul>
	<li>H2SO4(aq) &rarr; H+ (aq) + HSO4&minus; (aq)</li>
	<li>HSO4&minus; (aq) &rarr; H+ (aq) + SO4 2&minus; (aq)</li>
</ul>

Notice HSO4&minus; plays a dual role? Sometimes, molecules love to dance both parts!

<ul>
	<li>
	Question 3
	</li>
	<li>HCO3&minus; (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CO3 2&minus; (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
	<ul>
		<li>Pairs: HCO3&minus; &amp; CO3 2&minus; and H2O &amp; H3O+</li>
		<li>Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry acids: HCO3&minus; &amp; H2O</li>
		<li>Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry bases: CO3 2&minus; &amp; H3O+</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>HCO3&minus; (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2CO3(aq) + OH&minus; (aq)
	<ul>
		<li>Pairs: HCO3&minus; &amp; H2CO3 and H2O &amp; OH&minus;</li>
		<li>Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry acids: H2O &amp; HCO3&minus;</li>
		<li>Br&oslash;nsted&ndash;Lowry bases: OH&minus; &amp; H2CO3</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	Question 4

	<ul>
		<li>Conjugate base of H3PO4 is H2PO4&minus;.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	Question 5

	<ul>
		<li>Conjugate acid of CH3COO&minus; is CH3COOH.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

Happy Chemistry-ing! 🎉🥼

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Explore Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs!

Table of content

Quick Concept: Based on the Brønsted–Lowry theory

What's in a Name? 🤔

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Explore Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs!

Table of content

Quick Concept: Based on the Brønsted–Lowry theory

What's in a Name? 🤔

Unlock the Full Content!