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Fire

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

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Atom Symbol

Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure

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 Globe with Meridians

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

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Rocket

Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?

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Test Tube

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Alright, young chemist! Let&#39;s dive deep into the exciting world of Gibbs energy and see what it has to do with reactivity. Buckle up and let&#39;s go! 🚀

When you add heat (enthalpy) to a reaction, imagine the particles having a wild party. They move faster, creating a big chaotic dance, increasing the entropy (or disorder) of the system.

<ul>
	<li>Exothermic reactions: These are the &quot;cool&quot; ones. They release heat, and this means the reaction products are more stable. Imagine it like having a nice, warm blanket in winter! 🛌🔥</li>
	<li>Entropy: When entropy increases, reactions get wild and are more likely to happen. Think of it like a shuffled playlist. The more shuffled, the more random the songs play!</li>
</ul>

Even if a reaction feels right thermodynamically (like it should happen), it might be super lazy and slow because of a high activation energy. That&rsquo;s like you being in the mood for a jog but your shoelaces are tied together. 😓

Imagine transferring heat to two contestants:

<ul>
	<li>Block of ice at 0&deg;C: The heat makes it start melting. It&rsquo;s like giving an energy drink to someone sleepy - there&#39;s a HUGE change in behavior!</li>
	<li>Bowl of water at 60&deg;C: Already lively and active. Adding more energy is like giving an energy drink to someone who&#39;s just had 5 cups of coffee. Not much change!</li>
</ul>

This combines our hot topics: enthalpy, entropy, and temperature. The change in Gibbs energy (&Delta;G) is like a battery. It tells us the max energy we can get from a system.

The magic formula

&Delta;G&Phi; = &Delta;H&Phi; &minus; T&Delta;S&Phi;

Units: kJmol&minus;1

<ul>
	<li>Green Light: If &Delta;G is negative (&Delta;G⦵ &lt; 0), the reaction goes! 🟢</li>
	<li>Red Light: Positive &Delta;G means it&#39;s a no-go zone! 🛑</li>
</ul>

Predicting spontaneity

<ul>
	<li>Always Spontaneous: Exothermic + More Disorder (&Delta;G⦵ &lt; 0)</li>
	<li>Never Spontaneous: Endothermic + Less Disorder (&Delta;G⦵ &gt; 0)</li>
</ul>

For others, it depends on temperature

<ul>
	<li>If T&nbsp;&Delta;S&Phi;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;&Delta;H&Phi;&nbsp;then &Delta;G⦵ is negative (green light! 🟢)</li>
	<li>If T&nbsp;&Delta;S&Phi;&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;&Delta;H&Phi;&nbsp;then &Delta;G⦵ is positive (red light! 🛑)</li>
</ul>

Imagine you&#39;re cooking. Some dishes (exothermic reactions) heat up quickly and are ready in a jiffy. Others (endothermic reactions) take longer. The speed at which they cook depends on various factors, like the ingredients (enthalpy) and the method (entropy). Gibbs energy is like your cooking intuition, letting you know when it&#39;s just right!

&nbsp;

Happy studying, future chemist! Keep those reactions happening! 🔬🎉📘

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

Unlocking Gibbs Energy: The Secret to Chemical Reaction Spontaneity

Table of content

The Dance of Particles! 💃🕺

The Big Two - Enthalpy & Entropy 🎭

But Wait...! 🚫⏳

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

Unlocking Gibbs Energy: The Secret to Chemical Reaction Spontaneity

Table of content

The Dance of Particles! 💃🕺

The Big Two - Enthalpy & Entropy 🎭

But Wait...! 🚫⏳

Unlock the Full Content!