• Scarcity: A state where resources are limited, but the demand is high. For example, the increasing demand for water in Egypt due to population growth and agriculture.
• Conflict: A disagreement or clash due to differences in interests or objectives. In this context, the conflict is between Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan regarding the use of Nile waters.

Ethiopia is working on a mega-project, the GERD, the largest dam in Africa. Standing tall at 170 metres and 1.8 kilometres wide, this dam is no ordinary structure. Picture it like a huge water-holding giant capable of storing the entire volume of the Blue Nile. More than just a dam, it's designed to create a whopping 6,000 megawatts of electricity, doubling Ethiopia's power output. Imagine the entire country now having twice the power - literally!

While Ethiopia is having a 'power' party, Egypt might be heading towards a water crisis. The Nile, Egypt's primary water supplier, might get compromised due to this dam. Think of it like having your only water tap significantly turned down - not cool!

Egypt claims two-thirds of the Nile's flow based on a 1959 treaty it signed with Sudan. Imagine a pie (Nile waters), which Egypt got a massive two-thirds share of, but now that slice isn't big enough due to population growth (1.8% in 2015) and expanding agricultural sector. Result? The water supply per person in Egypt has shrunk by more than half since 1970.