• Modernization of China's civil service.
• Improvement in quality and availability of education.
• Centralization of Chinese banks under the Bank of China.
• Shanghai stock exchange became international.
• Establishment of National Resources Commission for industry development and foreign trade.
• Adoption of schemes for better urban transport and communication.
• Government subsidies for international recognition of Chinese film industry and fashion houses in Shanghai.
• Developments in telegraphy and road-building.

Real-world example

• The subsidization of the film industry can be likened to the kind of support Hollywood receives from the US government, making it internationally renowned.

• Neglected area before the 1900s.
• By 1949, 50,000 miles of road, mostly gravel or flattened earth.
• Notable achievement: Burma Road, built urgently in the late 1930s for transporting war materials.

Real-world example

• The construction of the US interstate highway system which was also motivated in part by military needs.

• GMD established Chinese control over telephone and telegraph systems, previously controlled by foreign companies.
• Access was still limited; only one in 500 people had access to a phone.