• Working-Class Movements: The industrial growth in Spain birthed working-class movements. Two main groups were Socialists and Anarchists.
• Socialists (PSOE)
  • Founded: 1879.
  • Leaders in 1920s: Largo Caballero and Indalecio Prieto.
  • Approach: They preferred parliamentary methods but had a limited impact until 1931.
  • Fun Fact: Think of the Socialists as the folks who talk the revolution but prefer peaceful methods.
• Anarchists
  • Popularity: Their call for land redistribution made them favorites among peasants.
  • Founding Moment: An Italian Anarchist and follower of Bakunin visited Spain in 1868, giving a strong push to the Anarchist movement.
  • Approach: They were the action guys! They boycotted democratic processes, wanted to take down the state with revolution/strikes, and were big on self-governing communities.
  • Fun Fact: Imagine them as the wild rebels of the Spanish working-class scenario!
• Trade Unions
  • UGT: Linked with Socialists, visible in urban areas, particularly known for strikes and protests.
  • CNT: Anarchist-backed, dominated in Catalonia (workers) and Andalusia (peasants). They loved organizing strikes and protests too.
  • Real-World Example: Think of UGT and CNT as two competing brands, like Nike and Adidas, each with its own fanbase!
• Extreme Anarchists (FAI)
  • Activities: Even wilder than regular Anarchists! They did bombings and assassinations.
  • Fun Fact: They're the hardcore rebels! Picture them as the daredevils on extreme sports!

• Why was Anarchism popular in Spain, according to Borkenau?
  • The Spanish masses rebelled not for better conditions in a capitalist system but against capitalism itself.
  • Materialistic progress meant little to them.
  • The Spanish worker values freedom and fights against oppression more than material progress.
  • The Spanish prefer violent methods over peaceful trade union actions.
• Bakunin's Observation
  • He felt the Spanish, more than the Russians, were revolutionary as they weren't as influenced by the capitalist spirit.
  • Real-World Example: It's like saying, a kid who has never tasted ice-cream might not crave it as much as the one who eats it every weekend.
• Why were Bakunin’s ideas appealing to the Spanish working classes?
  • Bakunin believed the unique mindset of the Spanish lower classes should be the global model for labor movements.
  • Real-World Example: It's like a music artist believing that the unique style of a small indie band should be the future of global music. Pretty flattering, right?
• Source Analysis (Borkenau's "The Spanish cockpit")
  • Origin: Written by Borkenau in 1937.
  • Purpose: To provide insights into the political and social landscape of Spain.
  • Content: Highlights the strong inclination towards Anarchism in Spain and its reasons.
  • Values for Historians: Offers firsthand observations, gives deep insights into societal mindsets, and aids in understanding the popularity of anarchism.
  • Limitations: Might be biased as it's based on one person's perspective, and doesn't necessarily provide a holistic view.

Happy Studying! 🎉📚🇪🇸