History HL
32
Chapters
489
Notes
Chapter 1 - China 1839-60 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 2 - The Opening Of China To Foreigners 1860-1901 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 3 - Defeat & Revolution 1901-25 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 4 - Nationalists & Communists 1924-45 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 5 - The Japanese Threat & Communist Takeover 1931-49 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 6 - China & The Wider World 1949-76 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 7 - Government, Economy & Society Under Mao After 1949 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 8 - The Cultural Revolution 1966 -76 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 9 - Deng Xiaoping
Chapter 10 - China & The Wider World 1978-97 (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 11 - Concluding Survey (China 1839-1997)
Chapter 12 - Jews, Arabs & The British 1900-39 (Middle East)
Chapter 13 - The Birth Of Isreal 1939-49 (Middle East)
Chapter 14 - Arab-Israeli Wars In 1956, 1967, & 1973 (Middle East)
Chapter 15 - Nasser, Egypt & Arab Nationalism (Middle East)
Chapter 16 - The Palestinian Problem (Middle East)
Chapter 17 - The Challenges Of Peace-Making 1991-2008: Israelis & Palestinians (Middle East)
Chapter 18 - The Iran-Iraq War 1980-8 (Middle East)
Chapter 19 - Iraq & The West 1988-2008 (Middle East)
Chapter 20 - From Arab Nationalism To IsIamic Fundamentalism (Middle East)
Chapter 21 - Truman (Cold War 1945- 81)
Chapter 22 - The Korean War (Cold War 1945-81)
Chapter 23 - Eisenhower & Dulles (Cold war 1945 -81)
Chapter 25 - Kennedy To Carter (Cold War 1945-81)
Chapter 26 - Weimar Germany - 1918-1933 (European States)
Chapter 27 - Hitler’s Germany - 1933-1939 (European States)
Chapter 28 - Italy - 1918-1922 (European States)
Chapter 29 - Mussolini’s Italy - 1922-1939 (European States)
Chapter 30 - Spain - 1918-1936 (European States)
Chapter 31 - The Spanish Civil War - 1936-1939 (European States)
Chapter 32 - The Soviet Union - 1918-1929 (European States)
Chapter 33 - The Soviet Union - 1929-1939 (European States)
History HL
Chapter 30 - Spain - 1918-1936 (European States)
Economic Roots of Spain's Civil War: A Deep Dive
389 words
2 mins read
Last edited on 16th Oct 2024
Table of content
Agricultural Issues 🌱
- Main Points
- Agriculture = chief employment source in Spain.
- Deep inefficiencies: insufficient food, seasonal work.
- Massive gap between rich and poor.
- The Latifundia System
- In central and south Spain: massive estates run by 'Grandees'.
- Grandees: big-time political players.
- Peasants in the North
- Owned tiny plots.
- Struggled to earn due to plot size.
- Civil Guard’s Role
- Suppressed countryside riots and disorders.
- Real World Example: In January 1892, a group of hungry landless workers took over Jerez with basic weapons. However, the Civil Guard swiftly kicked them out.
- Religious Perspective & Politics
- Church = no support to struggling workers.
- Workers looked to groups like the Anarchists for land redistribution.
- However, many Catholic small landowners = super conservative.
- Catholic Agrarian Federation = support for farmers who rejected socialism. These farmers later backed Franco in the war.
Industrial Challenges 🏭
- Main Points
- Spain was behind in industrialization.
- Workers in cities = tough life. Low pay, long hours, poor housing.
- Trade Union Growth
- Reasons: the desire to improve conditions.
- Issues: infighting between unions like the CNT and UGT.
- Employers held power: they had backup labor sources from the rural areas.
- Real World Example: If trade unions were football teams, it was like Real Madrid and Barcelona fighting for the title. But in this scenario, the referee (employers) always had the upper hand.
- Political Power of Workers
- Workers’ parties = not much influence.
- Result: Many saw violent uprisings as the only way to bring about change.
- WWI Economic Boom
- Spain = neutral during WWI.
- No competition = economic boost.
- Spain sold textiles to France.
- But: more exports led to resource shortages and inflation.
- Post WWI Industrial Scene
- Boom fizzled out post-1918.
- Result: Reduced exports, high unemployment.
- Conflicts in industrial cities (like Barcelona).
- Real World Example: Think of it like a roller coaster. Spain's economy went up during WWI but came crashing down afterward.
- Barcelona’s Industrial Chaos
- Bosses tried to beat the recession by slashing wages and firing workers.
- Workers = strikes.
- Bosses = hired thugs, locked out striking workers.
- Anarchists = stepped up with violence.
- Between 1919-1921: Barcelona = battleground with lots of conflict and revenge.
Unlock the Full Content! 
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History HL
Chapter 30 - Spain - 1918-1936 (European States)
Economic Roots of Spain's Civil War: A Deep Dive
389 words
2 mins read
Last edited on 16th Oct 2024
Table of content
Agricultural Issues 🌱
- Main Points
- Agriculture = chief employment source in Spain.
- Deep inefficiencies: insufficient food, seasonal work.
- Massive gap between rich and poor.
- The Latifundia System
- In central and south Spain: massive estates run by 'Grandees'.
- Grandees: big-time political players.
- Peasants in the North
- Owned tiny plots.
- Struggled to earn due to plot size.
- Civil Guard’s Role
- Suppressed countryside riots and disorders.
- Real World Example: In January 1892, a group of hungry landless workers took over Jerez with basic weapons. However, the Civil Guard swiftly kicked them out.
- Religious Perspective & Politics
- Church = no support to struggling workers.
- Workers looked to groups like the Anarchists for land redistribution.
- However, many Catholic small landowners = super conservative.
- Catholic Agrarian Federation = support for farmers who rejected socialism. These farmers later backed Franco in the war.
Industrial Challenges 🏭
- Main Points
- Spain was behind in industrialization.
- Workers in cities = tough life. Low pay, long hours, poor housing.
- Trade Union Growth
- Reasons: the desire to improve conditions.
- Issues: infighting between unions like the CNT and UGT.
- Employers held power: they had backup labor sources from the rural areas.
- Real World Example: If trade unions were football teams, it was like Real Madrid and Barcelona fighting for the title. But in this scenario, the referee (employers) always had the upper hand.
- Political Power of Workers
- Workers’ parties = not much influence.
- Result: Many saw violent uprisings as the only way to bring about change.
- WWI Economic Boom
- Spain = neutral during WWI.
- No competition = economic boost.
- Spain sold textiles to France.
- But: more exports led to resource shortages and inflation.
- Post WWI Industrial Scene
- Boom fizzled out post-1918.
- Result: Reduced exports, high unemployment.
- Conflicts in industrial cities (like Barcelona).
- Real World Example: Think of it like a roller coaster. Spain's economy went up during WWI but came crashing down afterward.
- Barcelona’s Industrial Chaos
- Bosses tried to beat the recession by slashing wages and firing workers.
- Workers = strikes.
- Bosses = hired thugs, locked out striking workers.
- Anarchists = stepped up with violence.
- Between 1919-1921: Barcelona = battleground with lots of conflict and revenge.
Unlock the Full Content!
Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of History HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟