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Balance Scale

Chapter 33 - The Soviet Union - 1929-1939 (European States)

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Red Triangle Pointed Up

Chapter 1 - China 1839-60 (China 1839-1997)

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Globe Showing Europe Africa

Chapter 2 - The Opening Of China To Foreigners  1860-1901 (China 1839-1997)

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Counterclockwise Arrows Button

Chapter 3 - Defeat & Revolution 1901-25 (China 1839-1997)

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Books

Chapter 4 - Nationalists & Communists 1924-45 (China 1839-1997)

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Sos Button

Chapter 5 - The Japanese Threat & Communist Takeover 1931-49 (China 1839-1997)

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Globe With Meridians

Chapter 6 - China & The Wider World  1949-76 (China 1839-1997)

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Hammer

Chapter 7 - Government, Economy & Society Under Mao After 1949 (China 1839-1997)

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Open Book

Chapter 8 - The Cultural Revolution 1966 -76 (China 1839-1997)

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Factory

Chapter 9 - Deng Xiaoping

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World Map

Chapter 10 - China & The Wider World 1978-97 (China 1839-1997)

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Downcast Face with Sweat

Chapter 11 - Concluding Survey (China 1839-1997)

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Writing Hand

Chapter 12 - Jews, Arabs & The British 1900-39 (Middle East)

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Mantelpiece Clock

Chapter 13 - The Birth Of Isreal 1939-49 (Middle East)

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Pine Tree

Chapter 14 - Arab-Israeli Wars In 1956, 1967, & 1973 (Middle East)

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First Quarter Moon

Chapter 15 - Nasser, Egypt & Arab Nationalism (Middle East)

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Castle

Chapter 16 - The Palestinian Problem (Middle East)

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Speaking Head

Chapter 17 - The Challenges Of Peace-Making 1991-2008: Israelis & Palestinians (Middle East)

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Bridge

Chapter 18 - The Iran-Iraq War 1980-8 (Middle East)

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Triangular Ruler

Chapter 19 - Iraq & The West 1988-2008 (Middle East)

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Magnifying Glass Tilted Left

Chapter 20 - From Arab Nationalism To IsIamic Fundamentalism (Middle East)

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Abacus

Chapter 21 - Truman (Cold War 1945- 81)

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Rocket

Chapter 22 - The Korean War (Cold War 1945-81)

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ringed-planet

Chapter 23 - Eisenhower & Dulles (Cold war 1945 -81)

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Thought Balloon

Chapter 25 - Kennedy To Carter (Cold War 1945-81)

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Clipboard

Chapter 26 - Weimar Germany - 1918-1933 (European States)

Imagine the biggest U-turn in history. One that changed a nation. We&#39;re talking about Russia&#39;s Great Turn in the 1920s. 🔄

<ul>
	<li>It began with the Fifteenth Party Congress in December 1927.</li>
	<li>Introduction of the First Five Year Plan.</li>
	<li>End of NEP (New Economic Policy).</li>
	<li>Move to speedy industrialization 🏭 and collective farming 🌾.</li>
</ul>

Real-World Example: Think of it as changing the software of a computer overnight - from a chill gaming mode (NEP) to an extreme work mode (First Five Year Plan).

<ul>
	<li>Stalin&#39;s Self-Image: Stalin wanted to appear as a revolutionary icon. By pushing for a socialist society, he&#39;d strengthen his image.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>NEP&#39;s Limitations: NEP did help in economic recovery and increased grain supply, but...
	<ul>
		<li>By 1926, Russia&#39;s production was way below Western Europe.</li>
		<li>Traditional farming methods 🌾 and reluctance to sell grain due to few goods to buy.</li>
		<li>Grain production dropped 📉: By end of 1927, it was 75% less than 1926.</li>
		<li>1928: Bad harvest year, less grain for cities 🌃, rationing was introduced.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

Real-World Example: Imagine running an old software update (NEP) on a new computer (Russia). It works but not efficiently. Russia needed a better update to match with the new world requirements.

<ul>
	<li>Armament Production: Gearing up for defense! 🛡️</li>
	<li>Late 1920s: Tensions with France, Britain, Poland.</li>
	<li>Japanese Threat in 1931: Japan took over Manchuria 🗾, a threat to the Soviet Union and its railway interests.</li>
	<li>Stalin&#39;s Warning ⚠️: &#39;We are 50 or 100 years behind advanced countries... Either we catch up in 10 years or we get crushed.&#39;</li>
</ul>

Real-World Example: If you&#39;re preparing for a sports competition and everyone has the latest gear and training, and you&#39;re in your old sneakers...you&#39;ll want to upgrade fast to compete!

<ul>
	<li>Towards a Socialist Society: Bolsheviks felt NEP was too capitalist-friendly.</li>
	<li>NEP benefited the private sector and Nepmen.</li>
	<li>Industrialization would boost the proletariat, consolidating the revolution.</li>
	<li>Peasant Situation: Bolsheviks didn&#39;t fancy the peasants, especially the rich ones, &#39;kulaks&#39;.
	<ul>
		<li>Kulaks had control over grain supplies, a key to industrialization.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Class War: Five Year Plans and collectivization were against those benefiting from NEP.</li>
</ul>

Real-World Example: It&#39;s like switching from a diet that has a bit of everything (NEP) to a strict vegetarian diet (Five Year Plans) for ideological beliefs!

Mind Map: Reasons for the Great Turn

&nbsp;

Political Reasons 🎩

<ul>
	<li>Enhance Stalin&#39;s Image.</li>
</ul>

Economic Reasons 💰

<ul>
	<li>Inadequate Industrialization.</li>
	<li>Falling Grain Production.</li>
	<li>Traditional Farming.</li>
</ul>

Military Reasons 🪖

<ul>
	<li>Need for Defense Armaments.</li>
	<li>Threats from France, Britain, Poland.</li>
	<li>Japanese Takeover of Manchuria.</li>
</ul>

Study Tip 💡: Try turning these notes into flashcards for easy recall or doodle around them to make them more memorable. 🖍️

&nbsp;

Happy Studying! 📚🌟

The Great Turn of 1927: Unveiling The Shift to Socialism

ib-higher-level.webp

Higher Level

History HL

Chapter 33 - The Soviet Union - 1929-1939 (European States)

The Great Turn of 1927 Unveiling The Shift to Socialism

Table of content

Introduction

What was 'The Great Turn'? 🤔

Why this Turn? 🛤️

Political Reasons 🎩

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 33 - The Soviet Union - 1929-1939 (European States)

The Great Turn of 1927 Unveiling The Shift to Socialism

Table of content

Introduction

What was 'The Great Turn'? 🤔

Why this Turn? 🛤️

Political Reasons 🎩

Unlock the Full Content!