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Chart Increasing

Case Study 2: German & Italian Expansion 1933-40 (The Global War)

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World Map

Case study 1: Japanese Expansion In East Asia 1931-41 (The Global War)

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Handshake

Part 1 - Rivalry, Mistrust & Accord (The Cold War)

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Medal

Part 2 - Leaders & Nations (The Cold War)

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Radioactive

Part 3 - Cold War Crises (The Cold War)

🎯 Key Concept: How did Mussolini&rsquo;s Fascism influence Italy&#39;s foreign policy?

<ul>
	<li>Italian Fascism: Hard to pinpoint one definition.</li>
	<li>Established in 1922 and collapsed in 1945.</li>
	<li>Mussolini saw it as a flexible, evolving concept.
	<ul>
		<li>E.g., From being anti-monarchic to pro-monarchy.</li>
		<li>Shifted from liberal views to protectionist ones.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Major shift in Italian foreign policy under Mussolini.</li>
	<li>No fixed principle: Sometimes acted as a mediator (&#39;honest broker&#39;), but sometimes as a disruptor (&#39;mad dog&#39;).</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>War was seen as a noble pursuit.</li>
	<li>Mussolini believed war elevated human energy and added nobility.</li>
	<li>Quote: &quot;War alone brings to its highest tension all human energy and puts a stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it [...]&quot; - Mussolini</li>
	<li>Yet, Mussolini balanced ideology with pragmatism.</li>
	<li>Domestic issues and international situations also shaped his decisions.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Peace treaties must be honored, whether they&#39;re good or bad.</li>
	<li>But, treaties aren&#39;t forever. If they don&#39;t make sense, they can be re-examined.</li>
</ul>

Quote: &quot;Treaties are not eternal or irreparable; they are chapters and not epilogues in history.&quot; - Mussolini

<ul>
	<li>Aim of the foreign policy:
	<ul>
		<li>Protect Italian interests.</li>
		<li>Respect treaties.</li>
		<li>Settle Italy&#39;s position in the Entente (an alliance).</li>
		<li>Promote peace but not be suicidal.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>After the March on Rome, Mussolini wanted to indicate no radical shift in foreign policy.</li>
	<li>Yet, he emphasized overseas expansion.</li>
	<li>He wasn&#39;t a fan of the League of Nations; called it a &lsquo;Franco-British duet&rsquo;.</li>
</ul>

Real-World Example: Think of someone who joins a group (like a book club) but constantly criticizes it. They&#39;re part of it, but they make it clear they don&#39;t really like it. That&#39;s Mussolini with the League of Nations.

<ul>
	<li>When he traveled, Mussolini wanted Italy to be seen as a great power.</li>
</ul>

Mussolini&#39;s foreign policy was a blend of ideological beliefs (like the importance of war) and pragmatic decisions (shaped by domestic and international events). While he revered war as a way of uplifting nations, he also emphasized the importance of honoring treaties and promoting peace. However, he always aspired for Italy to be recognized as a leading global power.

&nbsp;

Study Tip: Imagine Mussolini as a captain of a ship. While he has a map (his ideology), he often changes direction based on the weather and sea conditions (domestic and international situations). 🚢💨

Case Study 2: German & Italian Expansion 1933-40 (The Global War)

Exploring Mussolini's Impact on Italian Foreign Policy

Table of content

📜 What is fascism

🌍Fascism in foreign policy

💥War & fascism

Unlock the Full Content!

Case Study 2: German & Italian Expansion 1933-40 (The Global War)

Exploring Mussolini's Impact on Italian Foreign Policy

Table of content

📜 What is fascism

🌍Fascism in foreign policy

💥War & fascism

Unlock the Full Content!