• By the 19th century's end, there was a mystery in physics! 🕵️‍♂️
• The Rayleigh–Jeans law explained how the intensity of black-body radiation worked using classical physics.
• This law said: Intensity is proportional to frequency² (intensity ∝ frequency²). Makes sense for visible light and longer waves. But wait...
• When looking at ultraviolet (super short waves), things went bonkers. The predicted intensity was way too high!

🎥 Imagine this like a movie scene where the hero’s predictions work perfectly until the climax. But then, in a dramatic twist, everything goes haywire! That's the ultraviolet catastrophe.

• Max Planck wasn't cool with this mistake. He tried to fix the Rayleigh–Jeans law.
• Eureka moment in 1900: He realized something. What if electromagnetic radiation (like light) wasn't continuous? 🤯
• According to classical physics, oscillating electrons make electromagnetic radiation.
• Planck's game-changer: These electrons must have energy chunks (quantized) that can be represented as integer values of hf (f = frequency, h = Planck's constant).

🎵 Think of it like music. Instead of a continuous note, Planck suggested our universe plays in beats or chunks.

• Einstein took Planck's idea and used it to explain "photoelectricity" – and guess what? It worked splendidly!
• This is a big deal because Planck couldn’t quite explain why the energy had to be chunked.

• The ultraviolet catastrophe is an example of falsification. It’s like the universe's way of saying, "Gotcha! You thought you knew it all!" 😜
• Classical physics was like a favorite toy that broke. It worked well until new observations made physicists scratch their heads.
• But physicists love challenges! This hiccup led to a groundbreaking change in how we see electromagnetic radiation.