• Atoms = nucleus + electrons.
• Nucleus: Home of the nucleons (protons and neutrons).
  • Proton: positively charged.
  • Neutron: like a neutral friend (no charge).
• Electrons: They're outside, partying around the nucleus. Negative charge but same magnitude as a proton.

💡 Fun Fact: An atom is like a dance party. The nucleus (protons & neutrons) is the DJ booth. The electrons are the crowd dancing around it. If there's one proton DJing, there needs to be one electron dancer to keep the vibe neutral.

• 1 electron + 1 proton (acting as the nucleus).
• Energy vibes: Determined by a probability wave that instantaneously describes the electron.

💡 Did You Know? Every atom (except hydrogen) is like a VIP party with an extra guest: the neutron. It helps protons chill together in the nucleus, despite their same charges which usually repel each other.

• Proton number (Z)
  • Number of proton DJs in the nucleus.
  • Also, number of electron dancers outside.
  • Unique for every element (like a unique DJ name!).
  • Historically called the "atomic number".
  • Element's position on the periodic table is decided by Z.
• Nucleon number (A)
  • Total party goers in the nucleus (protons + neutrons).
  • Historically, known as the "mass number".
• Neutron number (N)
  • Well... the number of neutrons. Pretty self-explanatory, right?