• Both national and international policies play a role.
• Some policies have a direct effect, while others influence growth indirectly.

💡 Fun Fact: Think of policies as the different levers or buttons a government can push or pull to tweak population numbers. It's a bit like playing a video game, but with real-world implications!

• Pro-natalist Policies: Aim to ⬆️ increase the birth rate.
• Anti-natalist Policies: Aim to ⬇️ reduce population growth.

🍿 Example: Movies often showcase societies that either encourage or discourage population growth. Think of those futuristic cities where families are limited to a certain number of kids!

• Introduced: 1979
• Main Idea: Most Chinese families could only have one child.
• Impact: Estimated that without this policy, China’s population would be larger by 400 million.
• Critics' View: Population might've reduced due to factors like urbanization, industrialization, and especially female education and participation in the workforce.
• Why did China relax the one-child policy in 2015? Concerns over an aging society and a shrinking workforce.
• What were the concerns of relaxing the policy?
  • Population might exceed the country's food capacity. 🍚
  • A sudden baby boom might overburden public services. 🍼

🥡 Takeout Thought: Policies are never black and white; they have gray areas and unanticipated effects!