Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. It's like a giant web connecting the world's economies, cultures, and populations.

Real-World Example: McDonald's fast-food chain can be found in more than 100 countries worldwide. This shows how globalization allows businesses to operate internationally.

Nationalism is a sense of national consciousness emphasizing loyalty and devotion to a nation. When the world gets too interconnected, some folks start to feel like they're losing their unique culture and identity. That's when nationalism steps up.

Real-World Example: Brexit, the UK's exit from the European Union, was fueled by a surge of nationalism.

Economic hardship post-2008 financial crash, rising inequality, and increased immigration (especially in Europe) have fed the rise in nationalism.

Globalization's rapid changes lead many to seek stability in national or local features like shared culture, history, or language.

Real-World Example: The Yellow Vest protests in France were triggered by economic inequality and a sense of national identity being threatened.

Not just Europe, nations like China, Japan, and India too have charismatic nationalistic leaders implementing protectionist policies.

These include trade barriers, policies favoring domestic workers, anti-immigration measures, and resource nationalism.

Real-World Example: The US under President Trump imposed tariffs on imported goods from China, an example of a protectionist policy.