🎤 Let's dive into the world of eukaryotic cells and unravel the mystery of RNA modification like a detective story!

• Prokaryotes: Translation happens instantly post-transcription. Imagine it like ordering fast food: you order and get it right away!

• Eukaryotes: RNA undergoes a makeover (post-transcriptional modifications) before becoming mature mRNA. It's like dressing up before attending a fancy event!

Why? This ensures RNA gets all jazzed up in the nucleus before partying with ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Real-world example: Think of eukaryotic cells as a factory. The nucleus is the quality control section, ensuring RNA is perfect before sending it to the cytoplasm (production line) for translation.

This is like the velvet rope at exclusive clubs! Eukaryotes have it, but prokaryotes don't. It ensures RNA is fully modified before it hits the dance floor (cytoplasm).

• 5′ Caps: The RNA gets a cool hat! A modified nucleotide is added to its 5′ end, resembling ATP but with a guanine base wearing a methyl-group accessory.

• Poly (A) Tails: Think of this as RNA's fancy tail feather, with 100-200 adenine nucleotides at the 3′ end. Translation stops before the tail, like a car stopping before a barrier.

Fun Fact: These modifications act as RNA's bodyguards! They protect RNA from nasty nuclease enzymes and encourage more modifications.