Chemistry HL
Chemistry HL
6
Chapters
243
Notes
Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure
Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure
Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter
Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter
Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?
Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
IB Resources
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
Chemistry HL
Chemistry HL

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Discover The Magic of Coordination Bonds & Complex Ions!

Word Count Emoji
375 words
Reading Time Emoji
2 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Key Concepts 🔍

  • Transition Elements: Metals with ions having a partially filled d-subshell.
    • e.g., chromium(II) ion: 🎨 [Ar] 3d4
  • Transition element cations = Lewis acids. Why? 'Cause they love bonding with Lewis bases!
  • Complex Ion: When a transition element ion gets cozy with several Lewis bases.
  • Ligands: The surrounding Lewis bases in complex ions.
    • Ligands = Neutral (like H2O or NH3) or Anions (like CN−, Cl−, OH−)
    • Ligands are like the back-up dancers for the metal star in the center!
  • Electron Role-Play
    • Ligands = Nucleophiles (electron-rich, got lone pairs)
    • Metal cation = Electrophile (positively charged, accepts electron pairs from ligands)
  • Complex Ion Party Trick: The charge of the complex ion can be calculated! Here's the magic formula
  • Overall Charge of Complex Ion = Charge on transition metal cation + (number of charged ligands x charge on ligand)

Fun Real-World Example 🔎

Copper's Blue Bath Time 🛁: Imagine dropping a copper(II) ion into a water bath. It doesn't swim alone! It gets surrounded by 6 water molecules forming a blue-colored complex - [Cu(H2O)6] 2+ (with an octahedral shape).

Worked Examples 🎨

  • Battle of Cobalt Complex Ions
  • Pinky [Co(H2O)6] in one corner and Blue [CoCl4] in another! The former dances with water while the latter prefers chloride ions.
  • After some fancy math, we find out the charges
    • [Co(H2O)6] = 2+
    • [CoCl4] = 2−
  • Detective Work for Metal Cations
  • Complex a: [Fe(OH)(H2O)5] 2+
    • Metal Cation = Fe3+
  • Complex b: [TiF6] 2−
    • Metal Cation = Ti4+

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IB Resources
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
Chemistry HL
Chemistry HL

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Discover The Magic of Coordination Bonds & Complex Ions!

Word Count Emoji
375 words
Reading Time Emoji
2 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Key Concepts 🔍

  • Transition Elements: Metals with ions having a partially filled d-subshell.
    • e.g., chromium(II) ion: 🎨 [Ar] 3d4
  • Transition element cations = Lewis acids. Why? 'Cause they love bonding with Lewis bases!
  • Complex Ion: When a transition element ion gets cozy with several Lewis bases.
  • Ligands: The surrounding Lewis bases in complex ions.
    • Ligands = Neutral (like H2O or NH3) or Anions (like CN−, Cl−, OH−)
    • Ligands are like the back-up dancers for the metal star in the center!
  • Electron Role-Play
    • Ligands = Nucleophiles (electron-rich, got lone pairs)
    • Metal cation = Electrophile (positively charged, accepts electron pairs from ligands)
  • Complex Ion Party Trick: The charge of the complex ion can be calculated! Here's the magic formula
  • Overall Charge of Complex Ion = Charge on transition metal cation + (number of charged ligands x charge on ligand)

Fun Real-World Example 🔎

Copper's Blue Bath Time 🛁: Imagine dropping a copper(II) ion into a water bath. It doesn't swim alone! It gets surrounded by 6 water molecules forming a blue-colored complex - [Cu(H2O)6] 2+ (with an octahedral shape).

Worked Examples 🎨

  • Battle of Cobalt Complex Ions
  • Pinky [Co(H2O)6] in one corner and Blue [CoCl4] in another! The former dances with water while the latter prefers chloride ions.
  • After some fancy math, we find out the charges
    • [Co(H2O)6] = 2+
    • [CoCl4] = 2−
  • Detective Work for Metal Cations
  • Complex a: [Fe(OH)(H2O)5] 2+
    • Metal Cation = Fe3+
  • Complex b: [TiF6] 2−
    • Metal Cation = Ti4+

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Chemistry HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟

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