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Test Tube

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

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Atom Symbol

Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure

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 Globe with Meridians

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

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Fire

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

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Rocket

Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?

<ul>
	<li>Halogenoalkanes have a polar carbon-halogen bond because halogens are like the high-school popular kids &ndash; they attract a lot of attention (in the form of electrons!).</li>
	<li>This makes the carbon atom electron-hungry and open to attacks, just like a cookie jar is open to sneaky hands! 🍪</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>It&#39;s like a dance floor. Halogen gets kicked out and the nucleophile takes its place. 💃</li>
	<li>There are two types of dances: SN1 and SN2.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Concerted Reaction: Everything happens in one swift move, like a single dance step. There&#39;s no pause or break.</li>
	<li>Key Players: Halogenoalkane and nucleophile.</li>
	<li>Rate Equation: rate = k[halogenoalkane][nucleophile]</li>
</ul>

Example: Bromoethane dances with a hydroxide ion. The hydroxide swoops in and replaces the bromine atom, resulting in ethanol and a bromide ion.

<ul>
	<li>Transition state is the peak of excitement on the dance floor! It&#39;s fleeting and represents maximum energy during the reaction.</li>
	<li>The nucleophile always attacks from the opposite side because the halogen is like the school bully &ndash; you don&#39;t want to confront them head-on! It results in a molecular flip, like an umbrella inverting in a strong wind. 🌂</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Happens in two steps, more like a tango!</li>
	<li>Only one molecule controls the dance&#39;s pace.</li>
	<li>Rate Equation: rate = k [halogenoalkane]</li>
</ul>

Example: 2-chloro-2-methylpropane interacts with hydroxide ions. There&#39;s an intermediate stage where a carbocation forms before reaching the final product.

<ul>
	<li>Think of inductive effects like background singers enhancing the main singer&#39;s voice. Adjacent groups stabilize the carbocation by sharing their electron vibes.</li>
	<li>More alkyl groups = more stability. So, tertiary halogenoalkanes are like rockstars on the dance floor, more likely to go with the SN1 dance style.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Energy profiles of SN1 vs SN2: Imagine two mountain trails. SN1 is a two-step trail with an intermediate plateau. SN2 is a single, steep climb.</li>
	<li>Rate equations: SN1 is determined only by the halogenoalkane, while SN2 is co-controlled by both the halogenoalkane and nucleophile.</li>
	<li>Usefulness of SN1 and SN2: They&#39;re like reading a dancer&#39;s move. Knowing the mechanism helps chemists predict products, control reactions, and avoid chemical mishaps!</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Curly arrows show movement, starting from the nucleophile or bond and aiming at the carbon atom.</li>
	<li>Always display both the final product and the one who got kicked out (the leaving group).</li>
</ul>

🌍 Real-world Connection: It&#39;s like a game of musical chairs, where someone always takes the place of another. In the world of synthesis and drug design, understanding these reactions means better products and more effective medicines!

🎓 Remember, chemistry is not just about memorizing, but understanding and visualizing!

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Happy studying! 🎉

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Unlocking Halogenoalkanes: Dive Into SN1 and SN2 Reactions!

Table of content

Basics 🚀

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 🤼

SN2 Reaction Mechanism 🕺

Remember 💡

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Unlocking Halogenoalkanes: Dive Into SN1 and SN2 Reactions!

Table of content

Basics 🚀

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 🤼

SN2 Reaction Mechanism 🕺

Remember 💡

Unlock the Full Content!