Chemistry HL
Chemistry HL
6
Chapters
243
Notes
Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure
Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure
Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter
Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter
Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?
Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
IB Resources
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
Chemistry HL
Chemistry HL

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Master Electrophilic Addition: Mechanisms Explored!

Word Count Emoji
496 words
Reading Time Emoji
3 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Introduction to Electrophilic Addition

Electrophilic addition happens when an electron-rich substance (like an alkene with a carbon-carbon double bond) gets attacked by an electrophile (electron-loving species).

 

Think of this like a magnet! The alkene is like a super-attractive magnet that lures the electrophile into attacking it.

Electrophilic Addition with Halogens

  • Example: Ethene (C2H4) + Bromine Water (Br2)

  • Here's what happens

    Imagine two dance partners (the two bromine atoms). One gets attracted and joins the dance floor (alkene), leaving the other alone. The lonely partner (bromine ion) then finds a new partner (the carbocation) to dance with!

    • The bromine molecule gets close to the double bond and feels a bit uneasy (or polarized). This makes one bromine atom a bit positive.
    • The positive bromine gets attracted to the alkene's double bond and goes for it!
    • This results in a break-up: one bromine gets attached, while the other is left with a negative charge. This also creates a carbocation (a positively charged carbon).
    • The lonely negative bromine ion then joins the carbocation, forming 1,2-dibromoethane.

Adding Hydrogen Halides

  • Example: But-2-ene (C4H8) + Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)

  • Steps

    Imagine this as a trio. The bromine doesn't want the third wheel (hydrogen) anymore. But the hydrogen finds a new friend (carbocation), and bromine is back in the game by rejoining them.

    • The hydrogen, being a little positive (thanks to the bromine), gets attracted to the alkene's double bond.
    • The hydrogen attaches itself, leaving behind a carbocation and a bromide ion.
    • The bromide ion teams up with the carbocation, forming 2-bromobutane.

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IB Resources
Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?
Chemistry HL
Chemistry HL

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Master Electrophilic Addition: Mechanisms Explored!

Word Count Emoji
496 words
Reading Time Emoji
3 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Introduction to Electrophilic Addition

Electrophilic addition happens when an electron-rich substance (like an alkene with a carbon-carbon double bond) gets attacked by an electrophile (electron-loving species).

 

Think of this like a magnet! The alkene is like a super-attractive magnet that lures the electrophile into attacking it.

Electrophilic Addition with Halogens

  • Example: Ethene (C2H4) + Bromine Water (Br2)

  • Here's what happens

    Imagine two dance partners (the two bromine atoms). One gets attracted and joins the dance floor (alkene), leaving the other alone. The lonely partner (bromine ion) then finds a new partner (the carbocation) to dance with!

    • The bromine molecule gets close to the double bond and feels a bit uneasy (or polarized). This makes one bromine atom a bit positive.
    • The positive bromine gets attracted to the alkene's double bond and goes for it!
    • This results in a break-up: one bromine gets attached, while the other is left with a negative charge. This also creates a carbocation (a positively charged carbon).
    • The lonely negative bromine ion then joins the carbocation, forming 1,2-dibromoethane.

Adding Hydrogen Halides

  • Example: But-2-ene (C4H8) + Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)

  • Steps

    Imagine this as a trio. The bromine doesn't want the third wheel (hydrogen) anymore. But the hydrogen finds a new friend (carbocation), and bromine is back in the game by rejoining them.

    • The hydrogen, being a little positive (thanks to the bromine), gets attracted to the alkene's double bond.
    • The hydrogen attaches itself, leaving behind a carbocation and a bromide ion.
    • The bromide ion teams up with the carbocation, forming 2-bromobutane.

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Chemistry HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟

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