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Test Tube

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

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Atom Symbol

Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure

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 Globe with Meridians

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

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Fire

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

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Rocket

Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?

<ul>
	<li>Topic: Nucleophilic substitution &amp; how halogen identity affects it.</li>
	<li>Why Care?: Speed &amp; type of reactions can depend on tiny details, like which halogen&#39;s attached!</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Nucleophilic substitution: Where a nucleophile replaces another atom/group in a molecule.</li>
	<li>SN1 and SN2: Two types of nucleophilic substitution mechanisms.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>The quicker the carbon-halogen bond breaks, the faster the reaction.</li>
	<li>Fact: Stronger bonds break slower. Check bond enthalpy.</li>
	<li>Example: C&ndash;F bond (in fluoroalkanes) is super strong (492kJmol&minus;1) = Very slow to react.</li>
</ul>

Down group 17 (halogens)

<ul>
	<li>Carbon-halogen bond strength decreases (bigger atom, less electronegative).</li>
	<li>Halide anions&#39; stability increases.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Alcohols (like pentan-1-ol) + chloride &amp; bromide nucleophiles.</li>
	<li>Goal: See how position of hydroxyl group affects product.</li>
	<li>Real-world Scenario: Think of alcohols as different models of a car. How does each model react with different fuels (chloride &amp; bromide)?</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Draw skeletal formula for alcohols &amp; classify (1&deg;, 2&deg;, 3&deg;).</li>
	<li>What are we changing vs. measuring? (Independent vs. Dependent variables)</li>
	<li>Prediction: Stronger nucleophile: bromide or chloride?</li>
	<li>Prediction: Which mechanism, SN1/SN2, is favored by each alcohol?</li>
	<li>Best graph to represent data?</li>
	<li>Spot patterns in data.</li>
	<li>Are bromides better nucleophiles in water than chlorides?</li>
	<li>Which alcohol uses which mechanism?</li>
	<li>Any rearrangements in reactions?</li>
	<li>Check our earlier predictions.</li>
	<li>Wrap it all up! Aims, outcomes, hypothesis checks, and remaining questions.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>SN1: 2-step reaction. Faster for molecules with more substituted carbons.</li>
	<li>SN2: 1-step reaction. Better for less substituted molecules.</li>
</ul>

Nucleophilic Substitution in Medicine: Many drugs are made through this. Think of different halogens as different &ldquo;spices.&rdquo; Some make the medicine work faster, while others make it last longer!

<ul>
	<li>Chemical reactions are like cooking. Tiny changes in ingredients (like halogen types) can give very different dishes (products)!</li>
	<li>Always keep an eye on the details. Nature loves to surprise us!</li>
</ul>

Remember, Chemistry is everywhere. Stay curious! 🚀

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Unveiling Halogenoalkane Reactivity: Nucleophilic Substitution Insights

Table of content

Let's Set The Stage! 🎬

Key Concepts 🗝️

The Role of Halogens 💡

Trend Alert! 📉

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Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Unveiling Halogenoalkane Reactivity: Nucleophilic Substitution Insights

Table of content

Let's Set The Stage! 🎬

Key Concepts 🗝️

The Role of Halogens 💡

Trend Alert! 📉

Unlock the Full Content!