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 Globe with Meridians

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

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Atom Symbol

Chapter 1 - Models Of The Particulate Nature Of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Models Of Bonding & Structure

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Fire

Chapter 4 - What Drives Chemical Reactions?

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Rocket

Chapter 5 - How Much, How Fast & How Far?

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Test Tube

Chapter 6 - What Are The Mechanisms Of Chemical Change?

Oxidation states are like &quot;scores&quot; given to elements in a compound. They tell us how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared.

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🤓 Fun Fact: Think of oxidation states like points in a game. If you gain an electron, you gain points! If you lose one, you lose points. Just, in this case, the points are negative for gains and positive for losses!

<ul>
	<li>The bonding triangle shows that bonding can be a mix of ionic and covalent.</li>
	<li>Electronegativity decides the sharing (or not) of electrons.</li>
</ul>

Real-world Example: Water (H2O)

<ul>
	<li>It mainly has covalent bonds.</li>
	<li>If we pretend it&#39;s ionic
	<ul>
		<li>Oxygen (a.k.a the electron hog because it&#39;s more electronegative) would &quot;gain&quot; two electrons. Score: -2! 🥅</li>
		<li>Hydrogens would &quot;lose&quot; one electron each. Score: +1! 🏀</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Free Elements: Just like in a free-to-play game, the score is zero! So, the oxidation state of any free element is zero.
	<ul>
		<li>🌟 Example: Pure oxygen (O2) has an oxidation state of 0 for each atom because they share electrons equally. It&#39;s like sharing a pizza with your twin; you&#39;d split it equally!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Neutral Compounds: Think of them as a balanced seesaw. Their oxidation states always add up to zero.</li>
	<li>Polyatomic Ions: Their oxidation states add up to the ion&#39;s charge. Like the total points on a team!</li>
	<li>Special Star Player - Fluorine: Always has an oxidation state of -1. It&#39;s always hungry for electrons!</li>
	<li>Groupies:
	<ul>
		<li>Group 1 metals (like Na, K): Always have a +1 score.</li>
		<li>Group 2 metals (like Mg, Ca): Always at +2.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Oxygen&#39;s Quirks: Generally at -2, but...
	<ul>
		<li>In OF2, it&#39;s like a plot twist in a movie, oxygen has a score of +2!</li>
		<li>In peroxides (e.g., H2O2), oxygen&#39;s at -1.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Hydrogen&#39;s Dual Life:
	<ul>
		<li>With non-metals (more electronegative buddies): Score of +1.</li>
		<li>With metals (less electronegative pals): Score of -1. Here, it&#39;s known as the &#39;hydride ion&#39;. It&#39;s like when your mild-mannered friend suddenly becomes the life of the party!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

💡 Remember: These rules and concepts are like pieces of a puzzle. As you get to know each one, you&#39;ll be able to piece together the bigger picture of chemistry!

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Happy studying and may the oxidation states always be in your favor! 🎉

Mastering Oxidation States: Key Rules & Principles

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Standard Level

Chemistry SL

Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

Mastering Oxidation States: Key Rules & Principles

Table of content

Overview🔍

Bonding🧪

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Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter

Mastering Oxidation States: Key Rules & Principles

Table of content

Overview🔍

Bonding🧪

Unlock the Full Content!