Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter
Unlocking The Secrets Of Homologous Series: Structure & Reactivity
Table of content
๐ What's a homologous series? ๐ง
A homologous series is like a family reunion of compounds, but they all share similarities in how they're structured and how they react.
Fun Fact! ๐
Imagine a family where every new member born is taller by 2 inches than the previous one. That's similar to a homologous series, where each member differs by a CH2 group!
๐ Meet the families ๐
Alkanes ๐ฏ๏ธ
- Secret Code (General Formula): CnH2n+2
- What are they? Plain and simple hydrocarbons with just carbon and hydrogen.
- Real-world Example: Propane in your BBQ grill!
Alkenes ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2n
- These are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Real-world Example: Ethene, used to make plastics!
Alkynes โ๏ธ
- Secret Code: CnH2n–2
- What's cool? They have carbon-carbon triple bonds.
- Real-world Example: Acetylene torches for welding.
Halogenoalkanes ๐ก
- Secret Code: CnH2n+1X (X marks the spot with a halogen!)
- Real-world Example: Used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
Alcohols ๐ธ
- Secret Code: CnH2n+1OH
- Look for the –OH group! Cheers!
- Real-world Example: Ethanol, found in your adult beverage!
Aldehydes ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2nO
- Found at the terminal position of a carbon chain.
- Real-world Example: Formaldehyde used to preserve specimens!
Ketones ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2nO
- Look for the carbonyl group, but not at the ends.
- Real-world Example: Acetone in your nail polish remover.
Carboxylic Acids ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2nO2
- Real-world Example: Acetic acid in your vinegar!
Ethers ๐งช
- Secret Code: ROR’
- Real-world Example: Diethyl ether, once used as an anesthetic.
Amines ๐ฟ
- Secret Code: CnH2n+3N
- Types? Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
- Real-world Example: Nicotine is a tertiary amine!
Esters ๐
- Secret Code: RCO2R’
- They smell great! Used in flavorings and fragrances.
- Real-world Example: Methyl salicylate smells like wintergreen.
Amides ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2n+1NO
- Real-world Example: Urea in your lotion or fertilizer.
๐ค Remember!
Every family (series) has a pattern. Spot it, and you'll understand it!
Happy studying, and don't forget to enjoy the chemical journey! ๐๐ฌ
Unlock the Full Content! 
Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Chemistry SL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 ๐
Chapter 3 - Classification Of Matter
Unlocking The Secrets Of Homologous Series: Structure & Reactivity
Table of content
๐ What's a homologous series? ๐ง
A homologous series is like a family reunion of compounds, but they all share similarities in how they're structured and how they react.
Fun Fact! ๐
Imagine a family where every new member born is taller by 2 inches than the previous one. That's similar to a homologous series, where each member differs by a CH2 group!
๐ Meet the families ๐
Alkanes ๐ฏ๏ธ
- Secret Code (General Formula): CnH2n+2
- What are they? Plain and simple hydrocarbons with just carbon and hydrogen.
- Real-world Example: Propane in your BBQ grill!
Alkenes ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2n
- These are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Real-world Example: Ethene, used to make plastics!
Alkynes โ๏ธ
- Secret Code: CnH2n–2
- What's cool? They have carbon-carbon triple bonds.
- Real-world Example: Acetylene torches for welding.
Halogenoalkanes ๐ก
- Secret Code: CnH2n+1X (X marks the spot with a halogen!)
- Real-world Example: Used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
Alcohols ๐ธ
- Secret Code: CnH2n+1OH
- Look for the –OH group! Cheers!
- Real-world Example: Ethanol, found in your adult beverage!
Aldehydes ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2nO
- Found at the terminal position of a carbon chain.
- Real-world Example: Formaldehyde used to preserve specimens!
Ketones ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2nO
- Look for the carbonyl group, but not at the ends.
- Real-world Example: Acetone in your nail polish remover.
Carboxylic Acids ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2nO2
- Real-world Example: Acetic acid in your vinegar!
Ethers ๐งช
- Secret Code: ROR’
- Real-world Example: Diethyl ether, once used as an anesthetic.
Amines ๐ฟ
- Secret Code: CnH2n+3N
- Types? Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
- Real-world Example: Nicotine is a tertiary amine!
Esters ๐
- Secret Code: RCO2R’
- They smell great! Used in flavorings and fragrances.
- Real-world Example: Methyl salicylate smells like wintergreen.
Amides ๐
- Secret Code: CnH2n+1NO
- Real-world Example: Urea in your lotion or fertilizer.
๐ค Remember!
Every family (series) has a pattern. Spot it, and you'll understand it!
Happy studying, and don't forget to enjoy the chemical journey! ๐๐ฌ
Unlock the Full Content!
Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Chemistry SL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 ๐
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