Physics HL
Physics HL
5
Chapters
329
Notes
Theme A - Space, Time & Motion
Theme A - Space, Time & Motion
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Theme C - Wave Behaviour
Theme C - Wave Behaviour
Theme D - Fields
Theme D - Fields
Theme E - Nuclear & Quantum Physics
Theme E - Nuclear & Quantum Physics
IB Resources
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Physics HL
Physics HL

Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter

Unlocking the Secrets: A Deep Dive into Gas Molecules and Brownian Motion

Word Count Emoji
617 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Fun Fact Intro: Imagine a tiny world, too small to be seen, where everything we know starts to make sense! That's the world of atoms and molecules. Even the smell of your barbecue gets its start there. 😊

Brief history

  • Democritus (400 BCE): Thought about the existence of atoms, but it took ages for people to catch on!
  • 19th Century - John Dalton: Noticed elements mixed in specific patterns. Suggested atoms might be behind this mystery.

Real-World Example: Think of making a cake! The recipe asks for exact amounts of each ingredient, just like elements combine in fixed ratios.

Indirect evidence for atoms

  • We still can't snap a pic of a gas molecule doing its thing.
  • But, effects like diffusion and Brownian motion give us hints!

Real-World Example: BBQ smells! When you cook, the smell travels everywhere even without wind - thanks to diffusion. Air molecules shuffle around the yummy food vapours.

Cool experiment alert (figure 8)

  • Bromine gas and air in separate jars.
  • Remove the divider, and bromine gas goes up. Why? Air molecules play bumper cars with bromine molecules and push some upwards.

Brownian motion

  • Robert Brown (1827): Spotted small particles in water bouncing around like crazy.
  • Experiment: Smoke particles in a cell are seen zigzagging unpredictably. Invisible air molecules hit these smoke particles, transferring momentum.

Real-World Example: It's like a dance floor! The air molecules are energetic dancers bumping into the smoke particles, making them change their dance moves.

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IB Resources
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Physics HL
Physics HL

Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter

Unlocking the Secrets: A Deep Dive into Gas Molecules and Brownian Motion

Word Count Emoji
617 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited on 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Fun Fact Intro: Imagine a tiny world, too small to be seen, where everything we know starts to make sense! That's the world of atoms and molecules. Even the smell of your barbecue gets its start there. 😊

Brief history

  • Democritus (400 BCE): Thought about the existence of atoms, but it took ages for people to catch on!
  • 19th Century - John Dalton: Noticed elements mixed in specific patterns. Suggested atoms might be behind this mystery.

Real-World Example: Think of making a cake! The recipe asks for exact amounts of each ingredient, just like elements combine in fixed ratios.

Indirect evidence for atoms

  • We still can't snap a pic of a gas molecule doing its thing.
  • But, effects like diffusion and Brownian motion give us hints!

Real-World Example: BBQ smells! When you cook, the smell travels everywhere even without wind - thanks to diffusion. Air molecules shuffle around the yummy food vapours.

Cool experiment alert (figure 8)

  • Bromine gas and air in separate jars.
  • Remove the divider, and bromine gas goes up. Why? Air molecules play bumper cars with bromine molecules and push some upwards.

Brownian motion

  • Robert Brown (1827): Spotted small particles in water bouncing around like crazy.
  • Experiment: Smoke particles in a cell are seen zigzagging unpredictably. Invisible air molecules hit these smoke particles, transferring momentum.

Real-World Example: It's like a dance floor! The air molecules are energetic dancers bumping into the smoke particles, making them change their dance moves.

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Physics HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 🌟

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