Physics HL
Physics HL
5
Chapters
329
Notes
Theme A - Space, Time & Motion
Theme A - Space, Time & Motion
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Theme C - Wave Behaviour
Theme C - Wave Behaviour
Theme D - Fields
Theme D - Fields
Theme E - Nuclear & Quantum Physics
Theme E - Nuclear & Quantum Physics
IB Resources
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Physics HL
Physics HL

Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter

Kinetic Model Of Ideal Gas: A Comprehensive Exploration

Word Count Emoji
620 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited onย 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Background info ๐ŸŒŸ

  • Gas laws come from 150 years of experimental work by different scientists. These are empirical results.
  • We're gonna dive into a theoretical model, the kinetic model, and compare it to those empirical results.

Basics of the kinetic model ๐Ÿ“œ

Based on a series of assumptions.

Assumptions ๐Ÿค“

  • Gas Particles: Gases are just a big collection of identical particles (atoms or molecules).
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Think of it as a room full of bouncing balls, all looking and weighing the same.
  • Constant Random Motion: These particles are always moving and their paths are random.
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Imagine kids running aimlessly in a playground.
  • Negligible Particle Volume: The total space taken up by the particles is tiny compared to the entire space the gas occupies.
  • Bouncy Collisions: Particles bounce off each other and container walls without losing energy (elastic collisions).
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Imagine rubber balls bouncing around a room without getting deflated.
  • No Intermolecular Force: No energy-draining attractions or repulsions between particles, except when they crash.
  • Super Fast Collisions: When particles collide, they do it super fast. So fast, you can't even notice.
  • No External Forces: Forces like gravity don't matter in this model.

Physics talk

  • If a particle hits a wall straight on, it bounces back with the same speed but in the opposite direction.
  • The particle's momentum change is double its original (because it reversed).
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Imagine throwing a ball at a wall. It comes back to you with almost the same speed it was thrown, but in the opposite direction.
  • In a gas, many such particles hit and rebound from walls, exerting a force.

Math breakdown

  1. If one particle exerts a force of \(\frac {mv^2_x}{L}\)โ€‹โ€‹ on the wall, imagine how much force N number of such particles would exert! That's\(\frac {mv^2_x}{L}\)โ€‹โ€‹ for all of them.
  2. v= v2โ€‹+ vyโ€‹+ vz2โ€‹ is the speed equation from the three speed components.

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IB Resources
Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter
Physics HL
Physics HL

Theme B - The Particulate Nature Of Matter

Kinetic Model Of Ideal Gas: A Comprehensive Exploration

Word Count Emoji
620 words
Reading Time Emoji
4 mins read
Updated at Emoji
Last edited onย 5th Nov 2024

Table of content

Background info ๐ŸŒŸ

  • Gas laws come from 150 years of experimental work by different scientists. These are empirical results.
  • We're gonna dive into a theoretical model, the kinetic model, and compare it to those empirical results.

Basics of the kinetic model ๐Ÿ“œ

Based on a series of assumptions.

Assumptions ๐Ÿค“

  • Gas Particles: Gases are just a big collection of identical particles (atoms or molecules).
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Think of it as a room full of bouncing balls, all looking and weighing the same.
  • Constant Random Motion: These particles are always moving and their paths are random.
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Imagine kids running aimlessly in a playground.
  • Negligible Particle Volume: The total space taken up by the particles is tiny compared to the entire space the gas occupies.
  • Bouncy Collisions: Particles bounce off each other and container walls without losing energy (elastic collisions).
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Imagine rubber balls bouncing around a room without getting deflated.
  • No Intermolecular Force: No energy-draining attractions or repulsions between particles, except when they crash.
  • Super Fast Collisions: When particles collide, they do it super fast. So fast, you can't even notice.
  • No External Forces: Forces like gravity don't matter in this model.

Physics talk

  • If a particle hits a wall straight on, it bounces back with the same speed but in the opposite direction.
  • The particle's momentum change is double its original (because it reversed).
    • ๐ŸŽˆ Real-world example: Imagine throwing a ball at a wall. It comes back to you with almost the same speed it was thrown, but in the opposite direction.
  • In a gas, many such particles hit and rebound from walls, exerting a force.

Math breakdown

  1. If one particle exerts a force of \(\frac {mv^2_x}{L}\)โ€‹โ€‹ on the wall, imagine how much force N number of such particles would exert! That's\(\frac {mv^2_x}{L}\)โ€‹โ€‹ for all of them.
  2. v= v2โ€‹+ vyโ€‹+ vz2โ€‹ is the speed equation from the three speed components.

Unlock the Full Content! File Is Locked Emoji

Dive deeper and gain exclusive access to premium files of Physics HL. Subscribe now and get closer to that 45 ๐ŸŒŸ

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