DSM-III Era

• What was going on? 🤷 Psychiatrists were like detectives trying to agree on "clues" for diagnosing mental disorders. They wanted to make sure everyone was speaking the same language.
• Oops! 🚫 They forgot to think about how different cultures might see things differently. Oopsie daisy!

DSM-IV Era

• A little progress! 🚶 They started realizing that different cultures see mental illness in unique ways
• But... 😬 Only a small step! They added a “cultural interview” and a glossary of "culture-bound syndromes," but it was like adding a sprinkle of salt when the recipe called for a handful.

DSM-5 Era

• Big jump! 🚀 They really took culture into account this time, updating the cultural interview and digging deep into cultural ideas.

Dr. Alarcon says it's not just about saying "culture matters." It's about really digging into it! Here's how:

Cultural Variables 🌏

• What are these? Language, religion, traditions, migration history, and level of fitting into a new culture.
• Real-world Example: 🗽 Imagine moving from Japan to the USA; you'd have a whole new set of cultural rules to learn!

Family Data 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

• Family as a Micro-Culture: How you were raised, social interactions, and community celebrations shape who you are.
• Real-world Example: 🎉 Think about family traditions during holidays; they form a special cultural bubble!

Environmental Influences 🏙️

• Big stuff like: Media, politics, public behavior rules, rituals, school norms.
• Real-world Example: 🏫 School dress codes differ around the world, reflecting cultural norms!

Explanatory Models 🧩

• Patient's Perspective: How does the patient and their family explain what's happening?
• Real-world Example: 🍃 An anxiety disorder might be seen as a natural imbalance in one culture and a spiritual test in another!

Patient’s Self-Reported Strengths and Weaknesses 💪

• Cultural views within: How people see themselves is shaped by their culture.
• Real-world Example: 🎓 Confidence might be seen as a strength in some cultures but arrogance in others.