Trauma and deprivation are two pesky twins you'd rather not meet. Both bring about psychological upheaval and their effects are so similar, it's hard to tell them apart.

• Deprivation is like going on a really long, lousy road trip with no comfort stops - it means living in a state of neglect for a long time.
• Trauma, on the other hand, is like a surprise, really awful rollercoaster ride that leaves you shocked and shaken. It's a potent, distressing experience resulting from a single event.

These twins often tag-team too, as deprivation can cause psychological trauma. Like villains in a comic book, they're often studied together because they cause similar problems.

The most common aftermath of trauma in childhood? Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Picture it as the unwanted souvenir you bring back from your trip to Traumaland.

Just like you wouldn't usually study the life-cycle of a unicorn (because they're rare!), PTSD isn't widely studied in children. It's rare for kids to have it. But when they do, and if it's not treated, these symptoms can linger and influence a child's development in numerous ways.

Feldman and Vengrober (2011) did a study on kids (1.5-5 years) living near the Gaza strip - a real-life, war-infused version of Traumaland. According to their mothers, a whopping 38% of these children had PTSD. That's way more than the usual rate, which is less than 1% in kids who aren't exposed to war-related trauma.

These kids showed symptoms like disturbing thoughts, overreactions to anything related to the trauma, constant emotional arousal, and re-enactments of their traumatic memories in play.