Human pheromone studies have been critiqued for various reasons. It's like going to a movie with amazing trailers but the actual film has plot holes.

• What's Happening: Most studies use volunteers from posters or ads. The result? Young, well-educated people generally.
• Real-world Example: Imagine if Nike tested new shoes only on athletic college students. Would the shoes work for older people or those less athletic? Not necessarily!

• The Deception Game: Researchers often hide the study's true aim. They say they're studying "odours", but smart participants might guess they're actually studying pheromones.
• Hint-hint, Nudge-nudge: Participants can be sneaky. Some might figure out the study's aim through subtle hints or by participating in multiple studies.
• Real-world Example: Ever felt like you knew a surprise before it happened? Maybe because of some subtle hints dropped by someone? That's a bit like participant bias!

• Odor Overload: The pheromone concentration used in studies is WAY higher than our natural sweat. Participants often say it smells like "sweat", "urine", or even "clothes".
• Problem Masking: To hide this unnatural smell, researchers add masking agents, but this doesn't entirely fix the issue.
• Real-world Example: It's like using a gallon of perfume instead of just one spritz!