• Many think successful athletes = born winners 🌟.
• Reality: Personality contributes less than 1% to success. (Rowley et al., 1995)

• They are NOT natural-born traits or personalities.
• They can be learned! Whether in a class, on the field, or in life.
• Two Categories:
  • Psychological States: E.g., Confidence, motivation, concentration.
  • Skills to Boost States: E.g., Goal setting, imagery, self-talk, relaxation.

Example: It's hard to "just be confident." Think of an actor preparing for a role. Instead of just "being confident," they might practice visualization, repeat positive affirmations, or even meditate to find their inner calm and boost their confidence.

• Coaches might yell "Concentrate!" or "Relax!", but how?
• It's crucial to train these skills, not just expect them. Like learning a new move in soccer or a jump shot in basketball.