• How a performer feels physically before an action.
• Can affect how confident (self-efficacy) one feels about performing.

Real-World Example: Feeling butterflies before giving a presentation because you're nervous!

• Arousal: A heightened state before a performance.
• Effects
  • Can narrow attention.
  • Might make you select relevant cues to focus on.

Real-World Example: It's like being on high alert when playing a video game, trying to catch all the important details!

• Concentration: Fully focusing.
  • E.g., Listening to your basketball coach during a timeout.
• Selective Attention: Only noticing relevant info, ignoring distractions.
  • E.g., Ignoring a booing crowd & focusing on the coach's advice.
• Coordinating multiple actions: Doing 2+ things at once.
  • E.g., Checking the game score & listening to your coach.

⚠️ Warning: Focusing on the wrong things (like a hostile crowd) can mess up performance.

• Faster heartbeat.
• Feeling out of breath.
• Dry mouth.
• Stomach butterflies.
• Sweaty palms.
• (Morriss, Summers 1995)

Real-World Example: Ever felt super jittery before a big event? That's your body gearing up!

• Your body releases hormones before action, affecting feelings.
• Understanding these changes = more confidence in performing.

Fun Fact: Ever heard of the "fight or flight" response? It's related!